CHEM 1410 Ch. 2 Flashcards

Bohr model

atom is small positively charged nucleus w/ e- traveling in fixed orbits (e.l.) around it (bc we know e- don’t collapse into nucleus)

Ground state for H

n=1, lowest possible E state + most stable for H

Excited state for H

n>1

When highest E state of H approaches 0

n—> infinity, e- no longer attached to nucleus & is ionized

As E of “x” goes down

“x” becomes more stable

Ionization E

E required to remove e- from atom

wave-particle duality

properties of both a wave & particle

kinetic E

motion of e- around nucleus

Potential E

coulombic interaction (attraction/repulsion) between + nucleus & - electron

Probability density

where it’s likely to find e- @ specific point in space

Radial probability density

chance of finding e- anywhere within specific layer (more surface area) @ given radius, r

Principal quantum #, n

distance of e- from nucleus

orbital quantum #, l

shape of orbital (always = to n-1 or less)

orbital penetration

how close an e- in a specific orbital can get to nucleus of that atom

magnetic quantum #, m_l

orientation of orbital (m_l = -l, 0, l)

angular momentum

motion of e- as they move around nucleus (measure of how hard it is to stop a spinning object)

number of angular nodes = ___

l

number of radial nodes = ___

(n-l) -1

total number of nodes = ___

n-1

node

probability of finding e- is 0 from given distance from nucleus

spin quantum #, M_s

“spin” direction of an e- (only up (+1/2) or down (-1/2)

orbital capacity

each orbital can hold max of 2 e- and each e- must have opposite spin

radial distribution plot

graph probability of finding e- @ certain distance from nucleus

For H, orbitals w/ same n have ___

same energies