french culture exam 2

women’s faces

during the french revolution (1789), the french began using _____________ to illustrate the values of the new republic, particularly freedom

marianne

in 1792, we officially chose to represent the young homeland under the guise of this name (a name made up of two feminine first names preferred by the French)

phygian cap

today, in every town hall in france, there is a bust of marianne with this, originally worn by freed slaves of the roman empire and later by revolutionaries in 1789

how did we give a face to abstract concepts such as liberty, equality, and fraternity?

modelled the most beautiful women in france, often famous actresses such as brigitte bardot, catherine deneuve, and laetitia casta

immigrant background

some think it’s time to choose a young woman with this as a role model to better reflect the country’s multiculturalism

marianne hired by yseult digan

president macron chose a new image for marianne in 2018, drawn by this french artist, who lives in abidjan, ivory coast

marianne stamp

this new symbol is today on the current stamp in france

a third

in the early 2020s, almost _____ (31.8%) of people aged 18 to 75 still smoke occasionally or daily

smoking rate in france

is twice is high as the rate in the US (15%)

anti-smoking laws

a series of these in france have banned smoking in public spaces

administrative buildings, schools, and businesses

in the 1990s, smoking was banned from

cafes, restaurants, and nightclubs

in 2006, smoking was also banned in these plans

2011

since ____ it has been prohibited to sell cigarettes to minors under the age of 18

not declined

cigarette consumption has _________

lowest incomes

there has been an increase among people with _______, which some reserachers attribute to the use of cigarettes to manage stress

vaping

according to an article in the newspaper le monde, this is becoming increasingly popular among young people

puff bars

flavored electronic of “vape” cigarettes that sometimes contain unhealthy nicotine; young people like this

disposable

vapes and puff bars are this and are therefore polluting

vaping in schools and public transport

is prohibited, and the sale of e-cigarettes is prohibited to young people under 18 years old

je me souviens

new motto on quebec license plate of cars, changed in 1978; also found under the coat of arms on the facade of the quebec parliament building

la belle province

old text on quebec license plates, was purely an advertising slogan

history of the motto

dates from 1885, during the construction of this new building

eugène-étienne taché

the architect of this building, was inspired by the expansion of the old louvre palace in paris as a civil monument open to the public

dedicating the facade of parliament

the architect proposed dedicating this building not to royalty (french or english), nor to the saints of the catholic church, but the memory of the great heroes and heorines of quebec history

the motto (quebec)

today, these three simple words are still interpreted as a celebration of all the people who figure in the ancient and modern history of this unique province in canada

i remember

je me souviens

student housing options in france

• a room in a university residence

• a room to rent at someone’s house

• an apartment alone or with roommates

• if possible, staying with your parents

CROS

the organization that takes care of university residences

best solution for housing

university residences or a room at the CROS

features of university residences

• are also accessible to foreign students

• some are small, without a kitchen or bathroom (the bathroom is outside the room and shared with other students)

• others are better equipped with a private shower

less expensive

university residences are _________ than an apartment and therefore very popular, and when there is no more room, students have to look elsewhere

sharing

in general, students prefer _________because it allows them to make friends and save money, especially in big cities

rent

in many cities like grenoble and marseille, this is reasonable, but in paris, it is often double

living in the subarbs

is cheaper, but you have yo pay for transport and waste time on the bus or metro

housing

this is usually the largest part of a student’s budget

money

with the cost of studies, books, and all the other daily expenses, this is a major concern for many students

rolex and patek philippe

two of the largest swiss watch brands

geneva

where rolex and patek philippe watches are made

john calvin

a leading french theologian and pastor of the protestant reformation (1517-1648); the success of the watch industry in french-speaking Switzerland is indebted to this person

john calvins reforms

during his these, many worldly pleasures, such as wearing jewelry, were banned

from jewelry to watchmaking

jewelers turned to watchmaking which was still acceptable to calvin: watches attached to elegant chains and discreetly hidden in pockets at the time, had the practical purpose of telling time

where were watches held

hidden in pockets

wristwatches

these only became fashionable after the end of the first world war

swiss watch industry

since the end of the first world war, this industry has flourished

the swiss

they remain leaders in the world market