lab chap 15

Arbor Vitae

A tree-like structure in the cerebellum that carries information to and from the cerebellum, coordinating motor control and sensory information.

Cerebellum

Located at the back of the brain, responsible for coordinating voluntary movements such as balance, posture, and motor learning.

Central Sulcus

A prominent groove in the cerebral cortex that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, involved in motor and sensory processing.

Cerebral Aqueduct

A small tube that connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle, located in the midbrain, channels cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the ventricles.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and voluntary movement.

Choroid Plexus

Tissue located in the ventricles of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by filtering blood plasma.

Corpora Quadrigemina

A set of four nuclei in the midbrain forming part of the tectum, controlling reflexes related to vision and hearing.

Corpus Callosum

A thick band of nerve fibers located beneath the cerebral cortex that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Fornix

A C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus and is involved in the limbic system.

Fourth Ventricle

Located between the cerebellum and the brainstem, this ventricle contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions and nourishes the brain.

Hypothalamus

Located beneath the thalamus, it regulates autonomic functions such as hunger, thirst, and temperature control, and endocrine system functions.

Lateral Sulcus

A deep groove on the lateral surface of the brain that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

Lateral Ventricle

These large cavities in each hemisphere contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and help protect the brain from injury.

Frontal Lobe

The front part of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher cognitive functions like decision-making, problem-solving, and motor function.

Parietal Lobe

Located behind the frontal lobe, it processes sensory information and aids in spatial orientation and body awareness.

Temporal Lobe

Located below the lateral sulcus, it is involved in auditory processing, memory, and language.

Occipital Lobe

Located at the back of the brain, it is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

Longitudinal Fissure

A deep groove that runs from front to back, separating the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Medulla Oblongata

Located at the base of the brainstem, it controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion.

Meninges (Dura Mater)

The outermost layer of the meninges, a tough membrane that protects and covers the brain and spinal cord.

Meninges (Arachnoid Mater)

The middle layer of the meninges, a web-like structure that cushions the brain and helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Meninges (Pia Mater)

The innermost layer of the meninges in direct contact with the brain and spinal cord, providing nutrients.

Olfactory Bulb

Located at the base of the brain, it processes smells detected by the nose.

Optic Nerve/Chiasm

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain, with the optic chiasm being where the nerves cross.

Pineal Gland

A small gland located deep in the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles through melatonin production.

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

A pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that regulates other endocrine glands and vital functions through hormones.

Pons

Located in the brainstem, it relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum and controls breathing.

Precentral Gyrus

Contains the primary motor cortex, responsible for voluntary motor movements, located in the frontal lobe.

Postcentral Gyrus

Contains the primary somatosensory cortex, which processes touch and proprioception, located in the parietal lobe.

Spinal Cord

A long, cylindrical structure extending from the medulla oblongata that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Thalamus

Located deep in the brain, it acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

Third Ventricle

A narrow cavity located in the diencephalon that contains cerebrospinal fluid and circulates it around the brain.

lateral fissure

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.

wenickes area function and location

left temporal lobe and is responsible for language comprehension, allowing individuals to understand spoken and written language.

broca area function and location

located in the left frontal lobe and is responsible for speech production and language expression.

left hemisphere

the hemisphere of the brain that is generally responsible for logical reasoning, language processing, and analytical thinking.

right hemisphere

the hemisphere of the brain that is generally responsible for spatial abilities, face recognition, and processing music and emotional content.