A&P Chapter 05: Tissue Organization

What are the two components of a Tissue?

Groups of Similar Cells and Extracellular Material

What are the Four Types of Tissues?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Epithelium, is Composed of?

One or more layers of closely packed cells

Whata does Epithelium contain?

Little to no Extracellular Matrix, no Blood Vessels

What are 3 locations of the Epithelium?

• Covers body surfaces

• Lines body cavities

• Forms majority of glands

Apical Surface Characteristics

Exposed to external environment or internal body space, may have either microvilli or cillia

Basal Surface Characteristics

Epithelium attached to Connective Tissue

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Attachment to basement membrane

• Barrier between epithelium and connective tissue

Avascularity

• Lacks blood vessels, Nutrient obtained across apical or basal surface

Extensive Innervation

• Richly innervated; detect changes in environment

Continuously replaces lost cells

Function of Epithelial Tissue

• Physical protection from dehydration, abrasion, destruction

• Selective Permeability: Allows some substance in, prevent others

• Some cells specialized to secrete

• Has sensory reception, to send information to nervous system

Simple Epithelium is a one layer, with what function?

Filtration, Absorption, or Secretion in priamary

The Stratified is the only basal layer in contact with?

Basement Membrane

(In areas subjected to mechanical stress)

For Pseudo-stratified, it appears?

Layered but isn’t

For the Pseudo-stratified all cells contact the?, thought may not reach the?

Basement Membrane, Apical Surface

Classifcation of Shapes

A Simple Squamous Epithelium has what characteristics for its shape and size?

• A single layer of flat cells

• Spherical to oval nucleus

• Thinnest Barrier

What can a Simple Squamous allow?

Rapid movement of molecules across surface

What does the Simple Squamous Line?

Alveoli, Vessel Walls (Endothelium), Serous Membranes (Mesothelium)

Image of Simple Squamous

A simple Cuboidal Epithelium will have what characteristics for its shape and size?

• Single layer of uniformly shaped cells

• Square shaped

• Centrally located spherical nucleus

A Simple Cuboidal Epithelium is designed for?

Absorption and Secretion

Simple Cuboidal is Ideal for what?

Structural components of Glands

Image of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

GO back to slide 14 for Simple Columnar

Non-ciliated Simple Columnar contain what, that form what?

Microvilli that form brush border

What cells are interspersed in the Epithelium?

Goblet Cells

What do the Goblet cells do?

Secrete glcoprotein mucin, forming mucus when mixed with water

What do the Nonciliated Simple Columar line?

Most of digestive tract from stomach to canal

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium have Cilia that?

Project from apical surface, and move mucus along

Ciliated Simple has and lines?

Has Goblet cells
Lines Bronchioles

In the Uterine Tube, the Cilia help?

Move oocyte from ovary to uterus

Go back to slide 17-24

Transitional Epithelium has two different states being?

Relaxed: Basal cells cuboidal or polyhedral; apical cells large and rounded

Stretched: Apical Cells flattened

Binucleated cells (two nuclei) allow for?

Stretching as bladder fills

Relaxed and Distended Chart

Connective tissue is the most?

Diverse, abundant, and widely distributed of the tissue types

What is the Shared Characteristics of CT

• Originate from mesenchyme

• Almost all are Vascularized, but degree of vascularity varies

• Wide rage of regenerative ability = bone and blood can regenerate really good, while cartilage cannot regenerate

All Connective tissue shares three basic components being?

Cells, Protein Fibers, and Ground Substance

What comprises the Extracellular Matrix?

Ground substance, and proteins

Connective Tissue Proper should be?

Protein FILAMENTS, Aka= Loose and Dense CT