ethics and deviance

what is sportsmanship and an example?

• following the written and unwritten rules of a game

• eg. kicking the ball out when a player Is injured

what is gamesmanship and an example?

• gamesmanship is bending the rules to gain an unfair advantage

• eg. claiming the ball when you kicked it out

what is deviance and an example?

• deviance is breaking the rules to gain an unfair advantage

• eg. taking performance enhancing drugs

what is positive deviance? (over conformity)

• something outside of the norm that doesn’t break rules - sacrifices

• eg. Lucy bronze playing on a broken tibia as she didn’t want to let her team down

what is negitive deviance? (under conformity)

• something that goes against the norm and has a detrementle effect on individuals and society in general

• eg. performance enhancing drugs

• why Is fair play in decline?

• win at all costs mentality

• prize money

• equipment

• tech

• recognition

• preassure/sucsess

• media coverage

what is the Lombardi ethic?

• the win at all costs mentality

what is absolute deviance and examples?

• it is something socially unacceptable - always wrong within both sport and society and always will be

• eg. racial slurs, biting ears in rugby, purposeful tackles, tampering with cyclists breaks and biting/gouging eyes

what is relative deviance?

• it crosses with gamesmanship

• may be considered acceptable within different societies

• eg. using a first hidden in a scrum

• shoving at the start of an athletics race

• grabbing in boxing to waste time

• sledging in cricket

what is meant by commercialisation in sport?

• it is a process in which a new product/service is introduced to the general sporting market

how does commecialisation lead to a ‘win at all costs ethic’?

• prize money

• sponsorship deals

• media coverage

what are examples of deviance in sport?

• Maria Sharapova - provisionally banned from competing in tennis when she failed a drug test for the Australian open - banned for 15 months

• lance Armstrong - he was stripped of his 7 Tour de France titles when in an interview he admitted to using performance enhancing drugs

• he used a drug that increases the o2 delivered to your muscles improving recovery time and endurance

• Shane warne - in 2003 before the cricket World Cup he failed a drug test and resulted in a 12 month ban

causes of on field violence

• losing 

• teasing 

• cheating 

• rivalry 

• foul play 

• injuries 

• preasure 

• poor reffing 

causes of off field violence

• losing 

• frustration with their team 

• rivalries 

• poor reff decisions 

• alcohol 

• mob mentality 

• disputes 

• racism 

• political views 

• religion

• players fighting / acting up 

methods combating off field violence

• earlier kick off - less drunken fans 

• different teams being separated - less fights 

• more security / police - less out of hand 

• no drinks in the stadium / reduced sale of alcohol / non alch options / stop sale of alch half time - less drunken fans 

• bans, fines, criminal conviction, travel ban 

• all seated stadiums - avoid crushes 

what are anabolic steroids, the side effects and who would use them?

• it is a substance that mimics the effects of the male hormone testosterone 

• both have muscle building and masculinising properties 

• they also increase muscle mass and aids faster recovery 

• causes: aggression, anxiety, high bp, increase risk of heart attack, womens voices deepen, can cause infertility / facial hair and cause liver and kidney damage 

• body builders, weightlifters, American football / rugby, sprinters, baseball 

what are the enhancing effects of stimulants, the side effects and what athletes would use them?

• stimulants increase activity in the CNS (central nervous system). they also increase cognitive performance 

• short term side effects: anxiety, insomnia, headaches, increased hr and bp and sweating 

• long term side effects: addiction, increased risk of stroke, heart attack and weightloss 

• used by sprinters / track athletes, endurance athletes, American football and fighters 

what are the enhancing effects of beta blockers, the side effects and who would use them?

• they boost performance by increasing energy and muscle ability. they reduce anxiety and calm down bodily functions

• they cause fatigue / dizziness, cold hands and feet and depression / mood change

• used by precision sports, darts, performing arts and f1 drivers 

what are the enhancing effects of peptide hormones, the side effects and who would use them? 

• they have powerful biological messengers that have significant performance enhancing effects related to growth, recovery and metabolism 

• they cause muscle and joint pains, swelling, higher bp, higher risk of diabetes, hormonal imbalance and fatigue 

• used by bodybuilders, weightlifting, rugby and endurance sports 

what are the enhancing effects of narcotic analgesics, the side effects and the athletes who would use it

• they are primarily used to mask or partially relive pain in order to be able to train 

• they cause nausea, sweating, drowsiness, confusion and long term injuries

• used by rugby players, ice hockey, all athletics and American football

what is the enhancing effect of bloody doping, side effects and which sports would use it

• athletes use to boost their oxygen carrying capacity 

• which cause blood clots, stroke, thickens blood, heart attacks and infections 

• used by cyclists, marathon runners, cross country skiers and rowers 

what did Marion jones take?

• steroids in the 2000 Sydney olympics 

• she was stripped of her 5 olympic medals 

what did lance Armstrong take?

• testosterone, epo and blood doping

reasons for taking PEDs

• peer pressure

• stuck at the same level - want to improve

• acsessable

• titles/ goals

• other people - fairness for marginal gains

• enhance recovery speed

• sponsorships 

• Lombardi effect (win at all costs)

• more money leading to increased reputation and fame 

• frustration 

• confidence boosting

20 marker for legalising PEDs

• levels the playing field - all will be doing it so no unfair advantage for anyone

• more entertaining for spectators to watch

• increase in sport standard - enhanced performance

• would be safer as athletes would have doctors prescribing them and keeping an eye on side effects

• increase health

• quicker recovery from performance and injuries

• removes deviance

• money - win at all cost (Lombardi effect) - enhanced games

• can be done safely - medics - educate

• more media coverage and more prize money leading to more sponsorships

• expensive to catch doping - research

• constant changes

20 marker against legalising PEDs

• not everyone are able to afford it so there is still an uneven playing field

• the risks are to great (health)

• its morally wrong - loses the value of sport

• can impact mental health - dangerous

• injure further

• different types of bans in different countries

• undermines an athletes natural performance / capability

• uneducated

• bad reputation - punishment, titles stripped, medals lost

• expensive fines