Blood Transfusion/Reactions

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, products, procedures, and transfusion reactions described in the blood transfusion lecture notes.

Whole Blood

Blood product used to replace blood volume; due to massive hemorrhage 2 trauma, surgery; contains plasma, red cells, and platelets.

NI: requires T&C

may infuse rapidly in emergencies

Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs)

Concentrated red blood cells used to restore oxygen carrying capacity and treat anemia.

NI: requires T&C

Usual rate of infusion is between 2-4 hours

Platelets

Blood product used to replace platelet deficiency (thrombocytopenia) to prevent bleeding

NI: T & C preferred

FFP or Cryoprecipitate

provides clotting factors

NI: T required, C per agency policies

Homologous donation

Blood donated from a volunteer for transfusion to another person.

Autologous donation

Collected from the patient for a plant transfusion, donated prior to elective surgical procedure

Autotransfusion

Collection and rein infusion of blood loss during surgery and immediately after surgery

three purposes for a blood transfusion?

1.restore and maintain blood volume

2. improve O2 carrying capacity

3. Replaced efficient clotting factors and improve coagulation

Typing

Identifies as a person’s blood type (A, B, O, AB) and Rh group (+/-)

Cross matching

identifies minor antigens

Nursing intervention with type and cross match

Assure that the test has been ordered and obtained to reduce the likelihood of a transfusion reaction

The four types of transfusion reaction

Hemolytic, allergic, febrile, bacterial/septic

if a patient starts to show signs such as fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, itching, etc. what should the nurse do?

Stop the infusion immediately

hemolytic reaction

This is caused by an infusion of ABO incompatible blood

Assessments = Fever, chills, back ache, dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and death

Prevention = Check/verify/inspect patient ID, blood bag, blood component tag

Allergic reaction (mild and severe)

this is caused by anti antibodies to the plasma protein

Mild assessment = Flushing, itching Urticaria

Severe assessment = Anxiety, urticaria, dyspnea, cyanosis, shock, cardiac arrest

prevention = If history of allergic reaction Premedicate with diphenhydramine

Febrile (most common)

this is caused by antibodies to donors, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, protein

Assessment = Fever, chills, sudden Rigors, vomiting, warm/flush skin, headache, anxiety, muscle pain

prevention = Pre-medicate with anti-pyretic (Acetaminophen) if Previous history febrile rx

Bacterial/sepsis

This is caused by bacterial Contaminated blood being administered

assessment = High fevers, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, Hypotension, and shock

prevention = Hang product within 30 minutes of obtaining from blood bank, transfuse unit within four hours, Observe for any discoloration or clumping, return unit to blood bank before infusion if problems arise

if there is a transfusion reaction suspected at any time, what should the nurse do?

The nurse should stopped the transfusion

keep the vein open with 0.9% normal saline

Assess pt. And support A-B-C

Notify MD

treat symptoms per MD order

Follow agency policy regarding lab samples and documentation