Chemistry Bridging work (Atom structure)

What does an atom consist of?

a nucleus containing proton and neutrons, surrounded by electrons

What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron, and electron?

1,1,1/1840

What are the relative charges of a proton, neutron, and electron?

+1,0 and -1

How do the numbers of protons and electrons differ in an atom?

They are the same because atoms have a neutral charge

What force holds an atomic nucleus together?

strong nuclear force

What is the atomic number of an element?

the number of protons in the nucleus of a single atom of an element

What is the mass number of an element?

number of protons + number of neutrons

What is an isotope?

an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

What is an ion?

an atom, or a group of atoms with a charge

What is the function of a mass spectrometer?

it accurately determines the mass and abundance of separate atoms or molecules, to help us identify them

What is the total number of electrons that each electron shell can contain?

2n² , where n is the number of the shell

How many electrons can the first three electron shell hold each ?

2,8,18

What are the first four electron sub shells (orbitals) called?

s,p,d,f

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

a maximum of 2

Define the term ionisation energy, and give its unit

the energy it takes to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of atoms in gaseous state unit = kj mol^-1

What is the equation for relative atomic mass?

average mass of 1 atom

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1/12^th mass of 1 atom of 12c

What is the equation for relative molecular mass?

average mass of 1 molecule

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1/12th mass of 1 atom of 12c