Networking Basics Module 5

Networking Basics Module 5

Bianka, a Polish traveler in Hanoi, Vietnam, stops and asks Nguyệt for directions to the Ngoc Son Temple. They verbally communicate and determine that they both speak English. After receiving directions in English to the temple, Bianka repeats them to Nguyệt. Nguyệt says, "Yes, that is correct." Select the order of the communications protocols used in this scenario?

method, language, confirmation

Rory is studying the fields inside an Ethernet frame for an upcoming test and notices that the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address is listed first before the source MAC address. Which of the following protocol characteristics is Rory investigating?

encapsulation

As Rory continues to study Ethernet, he discovers that a frame can typically be 64 to 1518 bytes of information that is converted into a series of bits before being sent out on the network. Which two protocol characteristics did Rory learn about for Ethernet?

message size, encoding

The rules that govern network communications including the message format, message size, timing, and encapsulation, are known as network:

protocols

The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) records and publishes internet standards in documents known as:

Request for Comments (RFC)

In the TCP/IP model, what is the role of the Application layer?

Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.

In the TCP/IP model, what is the role of the Transport layer?

Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks.

In the TCP/IP model, what is the role of the Internet layer?

Determines the best path through the network.

In the TCP/IP model, what is the role of the Network Access layer?

Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.

Which protocol is responsible for guaranteeing reliable delivery?

TCP

Which protocol is used by routers to forward messages?

IP

In the OSI model, what is Layer 7 (Application Layer)?

The application layer contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)?

The presentation layer provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 5 (Session Layer)?

The session layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 4 (Transport Layer)?

The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 3 (Network Layer)?

The network layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)?

The data link layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.

In the OSI model, what is Layer 1 (Physical Layer)?

The physical layer protocols describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.

IP addressing occurs at what layer of the OSI Model?

network

Communication Protocol

Rules required for computers to properly communicate across a network, including format, size, timing, encoding, encapsulation, and patterns.

Message Format

The specific structure that a message must follow when it is sent across a network.

Message Size

The strict rules governing how large or small pieces of data can be during network communication, which can vary by channel.

Timing

Determines the transmission speed of bits, when a host can send data, and the total amount of data sent in a single transmission.

Encoding

The process of converting messages into bits and then into patterns of sound, light waves, or electrical impulses based on the network media.

Encapsulation

The process of adding a header with source and destination addressing information to pieces of network data.

Message Pattern

The structure of communication flow, such as requiring a request/response acknowledgment or simply streaming data without delivery confirmation.

Networking Topologies

Visual representations of a network using end devices and intermediary devices.

Device Network Awareness

A device only sees its own addressing information and relies on network protocols to communicate with other devices.

Packets

Smaller data units into which most network communications are broken down.

Standard

A set of rules determining how something must be done to ensure all devices implement protocols in the same manner.

Internet Standard

The result of a comprehensive cycle of discussion, problem solving, and testing to enable different devices to communicate over the internet.

RFC (Request for Comments)

A numbered document that tracks each stage of the development and approval process for a proposed internet standard.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

The organization responsible for publishing and managing RFCs for internet standards.

Protocol Stack

A layered hierarchy illustrating how different protocols interact on a device, where higher-level protocols depend on lower-level services.

Layer Independence

The separation of functions within a protocol stack that allows each layer to operate independently of others.

TCP/IP Application Layer

Represents data to the user and handles encoding and dialog control.

TCP/IP Transport Layer

Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks.

TCP/IP Internet Layer

Determines the best path through the network for data transmission.

TCP/IP Network Access Layer

Encompasses the hardware devices and media that physically make up the network.

Reference Model

A framework describing functions required at each layer without specifying exactly how they must be accomplished, aiding in network understanding.

OSI Model

The widely known reference model created by the ISO used for data network design, operation specifications, and troubleshooting.

7 - Application

The application layer contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.

6 - Presentation

The presentation layer provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.

5 - Session

The session layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.

4 - Transport

The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

3 - Network

The network layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.

2 - Data Link

The data link layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.

1 - Physical

The physical layer protocols describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.