Module 2 crime and justice

Police

A specialized body responsible for the legitimate use of force to maintain order.

Policing

Broad concept involving supervision, law enforcement, public order, and social control.

Sydney Police Act 1833

The first explicit police act in Australia that created a police organization and established a range of offences and penalties.

Police Discretion

The power of police officers to make decisions in various situations, including resource deployment and types of responses.

Police Culture

Characteristics of policing include a sense of mission, action orientation, constant suspicion, isolation, and a code of solidarity.

Use of Force

Principles governing police actions which include minimum force necessary, proportionate response, and reasonable actions in circumstances.

TASER

A less-lethal weapon used by police for incapacitating suspects, raising concerns about appropriateness.

Accountability in Policing

Multiple layers of oversight including criminal law, internal regulations, and external review agencies.

Pluralization of Policing

The increasing complexity in the policing landscape with private security providers and public-private partnerships.

Body-worn cameras

Technological tools used by police to enhance evidence collection and increase accountability.

Reactive Policing

Police response to citizen requests for assistance, such as answering emergency calls.

Proactive Policing

Police-initiated contact with citizens, including specific campaigns and prevention programs.

Legitimacy in Policing

Factors affecting police legitimacy including public support, community trust, and transparency in operations.

Defunding the Police Debate

A discussion on reallocating police funds to other social programs as a means of proactive crime prevention.

Contemporary Challenges in Policing

Issues such as terrorism response, multicultural representation, community relations with minorities, and media influence on public perception.

Police Accountability

The responsibility of police forces to be answerable for their actions and decisions, enforced through various oversight mechanisms.