Module 2 crime and justice

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16 Terms

1
Police
A specialized body responsible for the legitimate use of force to maintain order.
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2
Policing
Broad concept involving supervision, law enforcement, public order, and social control.
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3
Sydney Police Act 1833
The first explicit police act in Australia that created a police organization and established a range of offences and penalties.
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4
Police Discretion
The power of police officers to make decisions in various situations, including resource deployment and types of responses.
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5
Police Culture
Characteristics of policing include a sense of mission, action orientation, constant suspicion, isolation, and a code of solidarity.
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6
Use of Force
Principles governing police actions which include minimum force necessary, proportionate response, and reasonable actions in circumstances.
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7
TASER
A less-lethal weapon used by police for incapacitating suspects, raising concerns about appropriateness.
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8
Accountability in Policing
Multiple layers of oversight including criminal law, internal regulations, and external review agencies.
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9
Pluralization of Policing
The increasing complexity in the policing landscape with private security providers and public-private partnerships.
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10
Body-worn cameras
Technological tools used by police to enhance evidence collection and increase accountability.
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11
Reactive Policing
Police response to citizen requests for assistance, such as answering emergency calls.
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12
Proactive Policing
Police-initiated contact with citizens, including specific campaigns and prevention programs.
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13
Legitimacy in Policing
Factors affecting police legitimacy including public support, community trust, and transparency in operations.
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14
Defunding the Police Debate
A discussion on reallocating police funds to other social programs as a means of proactive crime prevention.
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15
Contemporary Challenges in Policing
Issues such as terrorism response, multicultural representation, community relations with minorities, and media influence on public perception.
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16
Police Accountability
The responsibility of police forces to be answerable for their actions and decisions, enforced through various oversight mechanisms.
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