Mcgraw Hill Psychology Chapter 1

Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental component of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?

Structuralism

When you are being asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you were being asked to:

Introspect

______ focused on uncovering the fundamental components of mental states and activities, _______ focused on the purpose of mental activity in the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

Structuralism, functionalism

Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?

Introspection

Gestalt psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is:

Different from the sum of its parts

A gestalt psychologist interested in perception would suggest that:

The whole is different from some of its parts.

Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max _______ led the gestalt movement.

Wertheimer

The _____ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.

Behavioral

Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?

It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings that person has?

Behavioral

The cognitive perspective would most likely compare the human brain to a:

Computer

Which perspective is most likely to record the mind as a computer?

Cognitive

A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

The student's striving to reach his or her full potential

Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature versus nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature?

Behavioral and humanistic

Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nurture and nature?

Cognitive

Which determinant of behavior is the main position of neuroscience psychology?

Unconscious

The only perspective of the big five in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is:

Behavioral

The position of determinism is supported by which major perspective? (Out of humanistic, cognitive, and psychodynamic)

Psychodynamic

Someone who says "I can make my own destiny, " is endorsing what psychological concept?

Free will

Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of:

Factors beyond the control of the individual

Choices made by an individual exemplify ______ rather than those that are not under our control.

Free will

The major perspective of psychology that focuses on both individual differences in universal principles is (between psychodynamic, humanistic, and behavioral)

Behavioral

The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychology psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.

Prevention; treatment

Margie would like help with her recent tendency to become depressed. Margie should do which of the following?

Find a licensed psychologist

The _______ method is the basis of all psychological research.

Scientific

Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems?

Counseling

The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called _____:

Structuralism

A focus on external behavior rather than internal workings of the mind is favored by the ______ perspective.

Behavioral

The perspective of psychology that focuses primarily on unconscious behavior is

Psychodynamic

______ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology

Select all of the following that is included in cognitive psychology (problem-solving, language, judging, thinking, sensing)

Problem-solving, language, judging, and thinking

What are some of the issues surrounding words like a race and ethnic city in psychology?

There are no common accepted names for races and ethnic groups, and there is disagreement with her focus should be on geographic origin or skin color.

______developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research:

(Wilhelm) Wundt

_______ is a historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment:

Functionalism

In the United States, _____ (women/men) outnumber _____ (women/men) in the field of psychology.

Women, men

Behavioral ______ is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior:

Neuroscience

Do you need to have earned a doctorate to do anything in a degree in psychology?

No

______ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and language.

Cognitive

True or false: psychologists tend to agree on the terminology used to describe race and ethnicity:

False

______ psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Personality

To be the best informed consumer, one must employ ______ thinking techniques, which include learning, memory, and cognition to name a few.

Critical

A psychologist taking the behavioral perspective to study how people change during college would be most likely interested in which of the following?

Student's study habits

What group was barred from mini psychology graduate programs in the early 1900s?

Women

Which American educator drew on functionalism to develop the field of school psychology?

Dewey

A psychologist taking the psychodynamic perspective to study how people change during college would most be interested in which of the following?

The unconscious motives that led the student to attend college in the first place.

_______ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Developmental

Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He's using the _____ perspective to study a psychological phenomenon.

Neuroscience

There are approximately 200,000 psychologists working in the ______:

United States

Which subfield of psychology combines neuroscience in clinical psychology to understand psychological disorders?

Clinical neuropsychology

John Dewey drew upon the functionalist approach to develop the field of ______ psychology:

School

Research assistant, marketing specialist, public relations officer, social services caseworker: these are all examples of jobs that can be done with that what degree in psychology (choose the lowest degree required):

Bachelor's

Psychology was one of the few fields that recognize the contribution of women to its development:

False

Who used the functionalist approach to develop the field of school psychology?

John Dewey

_____ is the scientific study of behavior and mental process:

Psychology