Neoplastic Disease and Cancer Review

This set of flashcards contains key vocabulary terms and their definitions related to neoplastic disease and cancer, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Cancer

A disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

Oncogenesis

The process of tumor development, often resulting from genetic mutations.

Malignancy

A cancerous growth that is invasive and can metastasize to other parts of the body.

Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels, which tumors require for nutrient supply.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells from the primary site to distant parts of the body.

Tumor suppressor genes

Normal genes that slow down cell division and repair DNA mistakes.

Oncogenes

Mutated forms of normal genes that promote cancer when activated.

Hallmarks of cancer

A set of characteristics sharing common features that cancers exhibit.

Carcinogenesis

The initiation of cancer formation through genetic and environmental factors.

Benign tumors

Tumors that grow slowly, are non-invasive, and do not metastasize.

Malignant tumors

Tumors that grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and have potential to metastasize.

Two-hit hypothesis

A model for cancer development suggesting two genetic mutations are needed for tumor formation.

Biologic mutagens

Substances like viruses and bacteria that cause mutations leading to cancer.

Chemical mutagens

Foreign molecules that cause DNA mutations by interfering with the genetic code.

Physical mutagens

Agents like radiation that cause direct damage to DNA.

Viral mutagens

Viruses that can cause cancer by disrupting normal cellular functions and promoting uncontrolled growth.

Inheritance and cancer genetics

The study of genetic factors and familial patterns related to cancer susceptibility.