AP World Unit 3 Illustrative Examples

1450 - 1750

Ottoman Empire

Gunpowder Empire

Conquered Constantinople

Sunni Muslim

known for significant cultural, military, and political achievements between the 14th and 20th centuries.

Safavid Empire

A major Islamic empire that ruled Persia and is known for its role in establishing Shia Islam as the state religion, as well as significant contributions to art, architecture, and culture during the 16th to 18th centuries.

Expanded under Shah Ismail

Shah abbas → expanded the empire significantly and promoted trade, military prowess, and the arts, making Isfahan a cultural hub.

Mughal Empire

Babur → founder of the Mughal Empire in India, known for his military conquests and establishing a dynasty that ruled from the early 16th to the 19th century, characterized by significant cultural and architectural advancements.

Grew through military

Gunpowder empire

Akbar = religious tolerance

Qing Dynasty

Manchu people who ruled over a majority of Han Chinese

1644 to 1912, the Qing Dynasty expanded China's territory, promoted trade, and fostered cultural exchange while facing internal strife and foreign challenges.

Jannissaries

Enslaved Christian boys converted to Islam and made into soldiers for the Ottoman Empire

Devshirme System

Ottomans used this system to staff bureaucracy with highly trained individuals.

The devshirme system involved the collection of Christian boys from their families, converting them to Islam, and training them for military or administrative roles within the Ottoman Empire.

Safavid-Mughal Conflict

A series of wars between the Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire, primarily over territory and religious differences, which highlighted the rivalry between Sunni and Shia Islam.

Mughal Empire lost territory to Safavids

Gunpowder Empire

A term used to describe the three powerful Islamic empires (Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) that utilized gunpowder technology to expand their territories and assert control.

Divine Right of Kings

Method to Legitimize Power

Monarch = God’s representative on Earth and ruled by divine appointment.

Palace of Versailles

Method to consolidate power

The Palace of Versailles was a royal residence near Paris, used by Louis XIV to strengthen his authority by requiring nobles to reside there, allowing him to monitor their activities closely.

Tax Farming System (Ottoman)

A taxation method in the Ottoman Empire where private tax collectors (tax farmers) collected taxes from a certain area, keeping a portion for themselves while paying the state a fixed amount, ensuring steady revenue.

Sikhism

Religious Syncretism

Hindu + Islam

Maintained doctrines from both religions (one god + reincarnation)

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestantism and significant changes in Christian beliefs and practices.

Led by figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, it challenged the authority of the Pope and addressed issues like indulgences and the need for personal faith.

Catholic Reformation

Response to the Protestant reformation

Aimed at correcting its abuses and reaffirming core doctrines. It included the Council of Trent and the establishment of new religious orders.