chapter 4: the musculoskeletal system & chapter 5: the nervous system

-physis

growth

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

loin, lower back

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

finger

carp/o

wrist

cost/o

rib

femor/o

femur (thighbone)

tibi/o

tibia (shinbone)

tars/o

ankle

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

tendon

tendon

connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

muscul/o
my/o
myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia

fascia

fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together

ton/o

muscle tone, tension

kinesi/o

kinet/o

movement, motion

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

costalgia

rib pain

metatarsalgia

pain in the bones of the foot

ostalgia

bone pain

osteodynia

bone pain

spondylodynia

vertebra pain

tibialgia

tibia (shin) pain

ankylosis

joint stiffness

arthralgia

joint pain

arthrodynia

joint pain

cervicodynia

neck pain

crepitation

crackling sound heard in joints

genu valgum

knock-kneed

genu varum

bowlegged

bradykinesia

slow movement

dyskinesia

inability to control movement

dystaxia

poor coordination

dystonia

poor muscle tone

graphospasm

writer’s cramp

hyperkinesia

increase in muscle movement or activity

hypertonia

increased muscle tone or tightness

hypokinesia

decrease in muscle movement or activity

hypotonia

decrease in muscle tone or tightness

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia

muscle weakness

myodynia

muscle pain

myospasm

muscle spasm

tenalgia

tendon pain

ankylosing spondylitis

stiffening inflammation of vertebrae

chondro-osteodystrophy

the poor development of bones and cartilage

craniosynostosis

the premature fusing of the skull bones

dactylitis

finger inflammation

hypertrophic spondylitis

overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

osteitis

bone inflammation

osteochondritis

inflammation of bone and cartilage

osteogenesis imperfecta

a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly; brittle bone disease

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

osteopathy

bone disease

osteopenia

reduction in bone volume

osteoporosis

loss of bone density

spinal stenosis

abnormal narrowing of the spine

spondyloarthropathy

joint disease of the vertebrae

spondylolisthesis

the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

spondylolysis

loss of vertebra structure

spondylosis

vertebra condition

arthritis

join inflammation

rheumatoid arthritis

inflammation of the joints; rheumatic fever symptoms

septic arthritis

inflammation of joints caused by fever

osteoarthritis

inflammation of joints that bear weight

arthrocele

hernia of a joint

arthrodysplasia

abnormal joint development

arthropathy

joint disease

arthrosclerosis

hardening of the joints

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

bursopathy

disease of the bursa

subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint

achondroplasia

a defect in the formation of cartilage

chondromalacia

abnormal softening of the cartilage

costochondritis

inflammation of the cartilage of the rib

fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia

muscular dystrophy

disorder characterized by poor muscle development

myoclonus

violent muscle contraction

myopathy

muscle disease

myofasciitis

inflammation of muscle and fascia

myositis

muscle inflammation

necrotizing fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia causing death of tissue

polymyositis

inflammation of multiple muscles

tardive dyskinesia

condition characterized by the loss of muscle control

tendinitis, tendonitis

tendon inflammation

chondroma

a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue

myoma

muscle tumor

myosarcoma

cancerous muscle tumor

osteocarcinoma

bone cancer tumor

osteocondroma

tumor made of bone and cartilage; exostosis made of cartilage

osteosarcoma

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells