Child Development: Families and Parenting

Give 3 central rights of the child:

1) right to life, survival and development

2) right to health and welfare

3) right to education, leisure, culture and arts

Give the UN right of the child regarding family:

the right to live in a family environment and have contact with both parents where possible

True or false: mothers have parental responsibility at birth

true

True or false: fathers always have parental responsibility at birth

false

What is the condition for parental responsibility of a father at birth?

the father must be married to the mother at the time of birth

Give 6 duties of parents to their child:

1) provide a home

2) protect and maintain the child

3) disciplining

4) agreeing/ disagreeing to medical treatment

5) choosing and providing for the child's education

6) choosing the child's religion

Describe authoritarian parenting:

strict rules that allow no childhood freedom, no affection and quick to punish

Describe authoritative parenting:

Supportive, with clear limits regarding what a child can and cannot do

Describe permissive parenting:

Letting kids do what they want, lenient in rules and give kids freedom

What is the name of the parenting style model that examines how demanding and responsive a parent is?

Maccoby and Martin's parenting style model

What parenting style is used if a parent is unresponsive and undemanding?

uninvolved

What parenting style is used if a parent is responsive and undemanding?

permissive

What parenting style is used if a parent is unresponsive and demanding?

authoritarian

What parenting style is used if a parent is responsive and demanding?

authoritative

Describe the results of a US study that examines the strengths of authoritative parenting:

it showed a link between authoritative parenting and academic achievement and social competence in teens

True or false: authoritative parenting is always the best parenting style

false

Describe the law on reasonable chastisement in England:

parents have the right to make choices about reasonable punishment with a smack being reasonable if it is open handed and won't leave a mark

True or false: Scotland has made smacking children illegal under all circumstances

true

Give the 5 tips to maintaining household discipline:

1) be united

2) be clear

3) be consistent

4) be flexible

5) be loving

Give four common household behavioural control methods:

1) naughty step

2) positive reinforcement

3) reward charts

4) house rules

Fill in the gap: __% of families contain a married couple/civil partnership

68%

Fill the gap: __% of families contain a cohabiting couple

17%

Fill the gaps: __% of families contain a single parent with __% being mum

14%, 90%

Fill in the gap: on average, there are _ children per family

2

Describe the role of grandparents in the family:

they are experienced in child rearing and can provide emotional and financial support for the parents

Describe a child's relationship with other children at 12-18 months:

they spend longer looking at other children than mum and gravitate towards them

Describe a child's relationship with other children at 2 years:

they will imitate them

Describe a child's relationship with other children at 5-6 years:

sex-segregated groups will form with girls typically forming cliques and boys forming larger mixed aged groups

Describe a child's relationship with other children at 12+ years:

sex mixing begins and peer approval becomes more important that parental approval

What is sociometry?

a research method in which students rate the social status of other students

Describe position and traits of a popular child by the standards of sociometry:

most liked and socially competent

Describe position and traits of a controversial child by the standards of sociometry:

liked by some and disliked by others, often by being dominant and aggressive

Describe position and traits of a neglected child by the standards of sociometry:

liked and disliked by few and are often shy and well adjusted

Describe position and traits of a rejected child by the standards of sociometry:

few like and many dislike, often due to being aggressive