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Orthodox
Traditional interpretation.
Heterodox
Ideas or beliefs that deviate from orthodox standards.
Unorthodox
Non-traditional interpretation.
Lingua franca
A language adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.
Baraka
An Arabic word meaning 'blessing' and refers to a spiritual power that originates with God.
Pluralism
A worldview, a political philosophy, and a way of living in a diverse society.
Jizyah
Tax paid to Muslim rulers by non-Muslim populations.
Syncretic
Combination of various religions and beliefs/practices.
Pantheism
Doctrine identifying God with the universe or as a manifestation of God.
Ghazal
A form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry.
Sunni
The largest branch of Islam, following the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad.
Shia
The second largest branch of Islam, mainly followed in Iran, rejecting the first three Sunni caliphs.
Isma’ili
A member of a branch of Shiite Muslims who believe Ismail should have become the seventh Imam.
Consort
The partner/husband/wife of a god or goddess.
Avatar
Incarnation of a deity in human (or animal) form in the physical world.
Mausoleum
A building housing a tomb.
Minaret
A tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
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