new pharam 2

Which class of antiarrhythmics consists of B-blockers?

Class II

Which of the following correctly matches a drug with its adverse effect profile?

C. Amiodarone - Pulmonary fibrosis and blue-gray skin

Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide (Lasix)?

hypokalemia

A young woman complains of abdominal pain at the time of menstruation. Careful evaluation indicates the presence of significant endometrial deposits on the pelvic peritoneum. Which of the following is the most appropriate medical therapy for this patient?

Medroxyprogesterone acetate by intramuscular injection

A 34-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis has required long-term treatment with pharmacologic doses of a glucocorticoid agonist. Which of the following is a toxic effect associated with long-term glucocorticoid treatment?

osteoporosis

A 4-year-old child is brought to the hospital after ingesting pills that a parent had used for bacterial dysentery when traveling outside the United States. The child has been vomiting for more than 24 h and has had diarrhea with green stools. She is now lethargic with an ashen color Gray baby syndrome). Other signs and symptoms include hypothermia, hypotension, and abdominal distention. The drug most likely to be the cause of this problem is

Chloramphenicol

A woman with vulvovaginal candidiasis wants the shortest possible treatment course. Which drug is best?

Oral fluconazole

Why does the health care provider prescribe furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day by mouth for a patient with a history of renal insufficiency?

Furosemide is effective in treating patients with impaired kidney function.

To treat a patient diagnosed with secondary hyperaldosteronism, the pharmacist would expect to administer which diuretic?

Spironolactone

A 55-year-old woman receiving chemotherapy develops pneumonia. Cultures grow Aspergillus fumigatus. What is the drug of choice?

Voriconazole

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is started on isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Two weeks later, she notices red-orange discoloration of urine and tears. Which drug causes this effect?

Pyrazinamide

Which of the following is the MAIN reason ARBs are used as a substitute for ACE inhibitors?

Less incidence of cough and angioedema

A 19-year-old man presents with severe headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. Lumbar puncture confirms bacterial meningitis. Which cephalosporin is the most appropriate empiric treatment?

(C) Ceftriaxone

Finasteride has efficacy in the prevention of male-pattern baldness by virtue of its ability to do which of the following?

Reduce the production of dihydrotestosterone

Which diuretic has been shown to improve blood pressure in resistant hypertension or those already treated with three blood pressure medications including a thiazide or thiazide-like medication?

Spironolactone

What are the three common administration routes for anticoagulants?

Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous

Hyperkalemia induced by angiotensin receptor-blockers inhibitors are potentiated with:

Aldosterone antagonists

A 16-year-old female with severe persistent asthma is placed on multiple medications. She has been taking her medications as instructed, but one of the medications is causing her to have tachycardia, nausea, and jitteriness. She has been informed of the need to measure serum levels of this medication. Which medication is the source of the undesirable side effects?

Theophylline

A 50-ycar. -old woman, a known asthmatic for the past 30 years, presented to the emergency department with a 2-d history of worsening breathlessness and cough. Chest auscultation revealed bilateral polyphonic inspiratory and expiratory wheeze. Supplemental oxygen, nebulizec albuterol (salbutamol) (5 mg) and ipratropium (250 mcg), as well as intravenous methyl prednisolone (40 mg) were administered. Which of the following is a pharmacologic effect of exogenous glucocorticoids?

Hyperglycemia

Which inotropic drug has BOTH positive inotropic and AV nodal blocking effects?

C. Digoxin

Which drug is correctly matched with the appropriate adverse effect?

C. Cotrimoxazole-hyperkalemia

A patient receiving standard therapy for tuberculosis develops numbness and tingling in the feet after 2 months of treatment. Which drug is responsible?

A. Isoniazid

What action is often recommended to help reduce tolerance to transdermal nitroglycerin therapy?

D. Remove the patch at bedtime, and then apply a new one in the morning.

A woman who has a mechanical heart valve and who is taking warfarin informs you that she hopes to get pregnant in the near future. What advice should she receive regarding her antithrombotic medication during the anticipated pregnancy?

D. Warfarin should be replaced with heparin.

Warfarin is :

D. A direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)

What is the primary route of elimination for heparins?

C) Kidneys

A 70-year-old man with a history of chronic HFrEF presents with worsening shortness of breath and leg swelling. He is currently taking lisinopril, carvedilol, and furosemide. His labs show K* 5.5 mEq/L and serum creatinine 2.1 mg/dL (baseline 1.5).Which medication is most likely contributing to the hyperkalemia?

C. Lisinopril

A 24-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and will be managed in the outpatient setting. Which antibiotic is a safe option for this patient to treat her pneumonia?

A. Azithromycin

A unique side effect of ivabradine is:

D. Luminous visual phenomena

Describe the significance of vitamin K in the coagulation cascade.

C) Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of clotting factors that are necessary for normal blood coagulation.

Which of the following complications can be caused by long term

Heparin use?

B) Osteoporosis

A 57-year-old man develops progressive vision loss with a sensation of pressure behind his eyes. The ophthalmologist diagnoses the patient with glaucoma. To prevent further progression of the disease and to alleviate current symptoms, the physician starts the patient on acetazolamide therapy. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

D) Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in all parts of the body

A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for worsening of his congestive heart failure; diuretic therapy is needed for the treatment of edema. The patient has a history of anaphylaxis to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. What would be the most appropriate diuretic agent to prescribe?

D) Ethacrynic acid

The conversion of testosterone to the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), is catalyzed by which enzyme?

C) 5a-reductase

Omeprazole has a half-life of about 1 hour, but the drug is usually given once daily. Which of the following statements best explains the long duration of action of the drug?

D. It inactivates H+/K+ ATPase irreversibly.

Which statement about ciprofloxacin is accurate?

(D) Tendinitis may occur during treatment

A 58-year-old male with a history of hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and ascites presents with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Which of the following antibiotics requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in this patient given his liver disease?

C. Erythromycin.

The patient has been started on digoxin (Lanoxin) therapy. Which of the following should the nurse monitor carefully?

D. Potassium levels

Which of the following is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker?

A. Nifedipine

Which of the following adverse effects is often employed as a therapeutic use for erythromycin?

B. Cholestatic jaundice

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is started on isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Two weeks later, she notices red-orange discoloration of urine and tears. Which drug causes this effect?

B. Rifampin.

A patient with active tuberculosis and a history of gout is started on standard four-drug therapy. Which drugs may worsen his gout?

B. Ethambutol and pyrazinamide

Which describes the mechanism of action of milrinone in HF?

Increases cardiac contractility

70-year-old man is diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and his physician is considering drug treatment of the condition. It was decided that the drug finasteride will be used. The effects of finasteride will result in a decrease in the synthesis of what substance?

Dihydrotestosterone

A 66-year-old woman is prescribed clopidogrel and aspirin after implantation of a bare metal stent in her right coronary artery. Two weeks after the procedure, the woman presents to the emergency department with acute-onset chest pain and electrocardiographic changes consistent with an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Emergent cardiac catheterization confirms in-stent restenosis. The patient insists she has been adherent to her prescribed therapy.

Which of the following statements most correctly described the most likely cause of the patient's restenosis despite her current therapy?

B) She likely has clopidogrel resistance caused by a genetic polymorphism of the CYP pathway.

Which B-blocker also has a-blocking properties?

Carvedilol