Unit 3 Chemistry Test Review

The negative subatomic particle in the electron cloud of an atom

Electron

A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Electromagnetic radiation

A unit of distance for measuring waves

Wavelength

The number of waves that pass a given point in a certain time

Frequency

The spectrum of light released from excited atoms of an element

Emission spectrum

It is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron or other particle simultaneously

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Electrons in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud

Valence Electrons

The tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 valence electrons

Octet rule

Atoms or molecules that have a charge due to having lost or gained electrons

Ions

A convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence electrons

Lewis structures

A mathematical description for the wave properties of electrons and other tiny particles

Quantum Theory

A 3D region around the nucleus that shows were an electron probably is

Orbital

The most stable arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron cloud

Electron configuration

Specific patterns in the periodic table that make it possible to make predictions about an element’s properties

Periodic trends

As the atomic number increases, the nuclear attraction for electrons increases, thus pulling the electrons in more tightly to the nucleus

Coulomb’s law

One-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together

Atomic radius

A measure of how readily an atom will react

Reactivity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a bond to attract electrons

Electronegativity

The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

Ionization energy

The charge of an ion

Oxidation numbers