Chapter 1 Section 1.9

What are hypersensitivity reactions? a) Recognition of a foreign but innocuous material (allergen), commonly known as allergies. b) Recognition of self-molecules. c) Lack of immune system function. d) Uncontrolled cell growth.

Answer: a

What are symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions? a) Coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and diarrhea to expel allergen. b) Inflammation at recognition sites. c) Increased susceptibility to infections. d) Uncontrolled cell growth.

Answer: a

What is anaphylaxis? a) A severe and potentially deadly hypersensitivity reaction. b) A mild allergic reaction. c) An autoimmune disease. d) An immunodeficiency.

Answer: a

What are autoimmune diseases? a) Adaptive immune response to tissues within the body. b) Lack of immune system function. c) Recognition of foreign but innocuous material. d) Uncontrolled cell growth.

Answer: a

What can autoimmune diseases cause? a) Inflammation at recognition sites (rheumatoid arthritis) or destruction of the tissue (type I diabetes). b) Increased susceptibility to infections. c) Uncontrolled cell growth. d) Allergies.

Answer: a

What is an example of an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation at recognition sites? a) Rheumatoid arthritis. b) Type I diabetes. c) Anaphylaxis. d) Cancer.

Answer: a

What is an example of an autoimmune disease that causes destruction of tissue? a) Type I diabetes. b) Rheumatoid arthritis. c) Anaphylaxis. d) Cancer.

Answer: a

What are immunodeficiencies? a) Lack of immune system function. b) Overactive immune system. c) Autoimmune diseases. d) Allergies.

Answer: a

What happens if immune cells cannot mount a proper response? a) Higher likelihood of pathogen infection. b) Lower likelihood of pathogen infection. c) Autoimmune disease. d) Allergy.

Answer: a

What are two common causes of immunodeficiencies? a) Inherited (genetic mutations) and acquired (environmental factors or infection). b) Allergies and autoimmunity. c) Cancer and autoimmunity. d) Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.

Answer: a

What are inherited causes of immunodeficiencies? a) Genetic mutations. b) Environmental factors. c) Infections. d) Allergies.

Answer: a

What are acquired causes of immunodeficiencies? a) Environmental factors or infection. b) Genetic mutations. c) Allergies. d) Autoimmunity.

Answer: a

What is cancer in the context of immune system malfunction? a) Individuals acquire random mutations in genes over a lifetime; if immune system fails to eliminate them, cells may grow uncontrollably. b) Lack of immune system function. c) Adaptive immune response to tissues within the body. d) Recognition of foreign but innocuous material.

Answer: a

What can the immune system do when it detects random mutations in genes? a) Detect these changes as foreign and eliminate cells that acquire them. b) Ignore them. c) Promote their growth. d) Produce antibodies against them only.

Answer: a

What happens if mutations occur in genes controlling cell division and the immune system fails to eliminate them? a) Cells may grow uncontrollably, resulting in cancer. b) Cells die immediately. c) Cells become immune cells. d) Cells become pathogens.

Answer: a