84-Calendar (chronological) age. Biological age. Acceleration. Characteristic of morbidity among children and adolescents.

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4 Terms

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What is calendar age?

Calendar (Chronological) Age

  • It is the actual time elapsed since an individual’s birth

  • measured in years, months, and days

  • It is the simplest and most commonly used method to classify individuals by age

  • is important for legal, educational, and medical purposes.

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Biological Age

Biological age refers to

  • the functional status of an individual's body systems compared to average norms.

  • It is determined by various biomarkers that reflect

    physical health, physiological function, and risk of disease.

  • Biological age is influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, diet, physical activity, and environmental exposures.

  • Thus, two individuals with the same chronological age may have different biological ages.

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Acceleration and Deceleration of Growth and Development

  • Acceleration refers to a faster-than-average rate of growth or earlier onset of puberty in children compared to previous generations.

  • Deceleration is the opposite — a delay in growth or puberty relative to historical norms.

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Factors influencing acceleration/deceleration include:

  • Diet and nutrition

  • Environmental quality (e.g., air, water, housing)

  • Level of physical activity

  • Time spent outdoors (sunlight exposure, physical interaction)