Final-Quiz Questions

HIST 152 quizzes 8-14 question

The term ____ refers to the processes through which agrarian and handicraft-centered economies were transformed into economies that were defined by the mechanization of manufacture.

Industrialization

Which of these changes were central to the processes of industrialization?
1. Technological advances in fields like communication and transportation

2. The use of wood and whale oil as the sources of energy, rather than coal or petroleum

3. Organizational developments, like the factory

4. All of the Above

5. A and C

6. B and C

7. A and B

A & C

Several areas in the world demonstrated burgeoning and vigorous economies that could support industrial development. What were some of the features that these economies shared?
1. Rivers and networks of canals that allowed for increased trade and transport

2. High agricultural productivity and significant population growth

3. Banks central in cities

4. All were running up against limitation of resources 5. All the above

All the Above

T/F: The extraction of resources from the Americas alleviated the ecological burden in Europe, allowing industrialization to utilize these resources to emerge, at first in Great Britain and later throughout most of Europe.

True

The industrial revolution is usually considered to have occurred in two phases. The First Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____, and was focused mainly in Great Britain.

1. 1650, 1800

2. 1760, 1840

3. 1770, 1900

4. 1700, 1840

1760, 1840

Which of these is NOT an example of an invention introduced during the First Industrial Revolution?

1. Telegraph

2. Mechanical reaper

3. Sewing Machine

4. Automobile

5. All of the Above

5. None of the above

Automobile

The mechanization of labor allowed for rapid and mass production of a number of commodities. Which of these is true about this process?

1. Many early advancements were due to the development of the cotton textile industry

2. Advancements in the usage of energy sources supplied power to these large machines.

3. Iron and steel industries used cheaper energy sources and technological advancements to make steel and iron cheaper for people to purchase

4. All the Above

5. None of the Above

All the Above

First developed in British textile factories, the _____ was developed to both allow for rapid and mass production of commodities, moving work from home into a centralized location and brought workers together to do specialized tasks.

Factory System

T/F: Because industrialization improved productivity and increased the output of manufactured goods, all of the effects on society were beneficial.

False

Which of these effects do not characterize the Second Industrial Revolution?

1. Rapid industrialization

2. Rapid Urbanization

3. Rise in handicraft-centered economy

4. Rise of corporations and trusts

Rise in handicraft-centered economy

T/F: The 1830 Indian Removal Act was approved by U.S. Congress under President Andrew Jackson to remove Euro-American settlers from indigenous lands.

False

Which of these best relates to the concept of manifest destiny, first introduced by Louis O’Sullivan in 1845?

1. It was introduced in his article written about why the U.S. should annex Texas

2. Manifest Destiny refers to the right of the U.S. to "overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our [U.S.] yearly multiplying millions."

3. It implied that Texas should be returned to Mexico

4. A and B

5. All the above

6. None of the above

A & B

Though sugar was an important plantation crop in Latin America, _____ became the United Statesʻ most valuable export crop by the early decades of the 19th century, and was an important factor in the push for more land as well as the expansion of slavery.

1.Rice

2.Cotton

3.Tobacco

4.Indigo

Cotton

The Mexican-American War, fought between 1846 and 1848, had considerable repercussions in U.S. history. Which of these were NOT shaped by or tied to the Mexican-American War?

Continued U.S. territorial expansion and dispossession of indigenous peoples

The expansion of the institution of slavery in the U.S

Solidified belief in Manifest Destiny in the U.S.

All the above

None of the above

All the Above

T/F: By 1850, the United States government acquired most of the land that composes the nation today

True

Which of these factors contributed to the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865)?

Slavery economies and their political control

States' rights

Territorial expansion

All the above

None of the above

All the Above

Overseas colonies were difficult to administer, and Canada's road to self-governance was markedly different than that of the U.S. French colonists began to colonize the surrounding the St. Lawrence river in 1604, and they named their settlement ___ (one word). After winning the French and Indian War in 1763, British colonists began to settle in a region that was called ______ (one word). Canada was thus comprised of several regions with their own histories, the ______ (conflict, 3 words), brought Canadians together in the face of U.S. expansionism. The ______ (2 words), authored by Lord Durham in 1839, advocated for self-government of a united Canada. The British North America Act of 1867 established the ____ (3 words), which originally consisted of the provinces Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

Quebec, Ontario, War of 1812, Durham Report, Dominion of Canada

Unlike the U.S. and Canada, Latin America did not created a united government. Dominated by creole elites and regional military leaders, political and social change was difficult to gain. These regional military leaders came to dominate governments in many Latin American nations are called:

Gauchos

Caudillos

Reformas

Machismos

Caudillos

Economic development, particularly in regard to industrialization, happened differently in North and South America due to a number of factors, including:

British funds acquired after the first Industrial Revolution were invested mostly in North America (former British colonies) for industrialization

Dependence on single crop plantations in Latin America

The ending of slavery

A and B

A and C

All the above

None of the above

All the Above

When talking about migration/immigration, ______ (one word) factors refers to reasons that caused people to leave their home country (like food shortages, political instability), while ______ (one word) factors refer to reasons that drew people to another country (better living conditions, starting a new life).

push, pull

Which of the following statements is true about how the Great War began?

A) The war began when Archduke Gavrilo Pincip was assassinated

B) The assassination was organized by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand

C) Austria declared war on Serbia, Germnay declared war on Austria

D) None of the above

The assassination was organized by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand.

T/F: Nationalism is an affiliation with one's own country and advocacy for its interests often at the expense of exclusion of those other countries

True

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European nations wanted to colonize other places because:

A) increasing tensions as national rivalries rose

B) the desire to acquire more resources to increase industrial output and profits
C) to demonstrate developing economic strength
D) All the above

All of the Above

At the start of The Great War, several nations in Europe took sides to create a balance of power. One side was known as the ______, which consisted of Germany, AUstria-Hungary, the Balkan states, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire. The _________ formed to oppose the Central Powers, and consisted of Britain, France, and Russia.

Central Powers, Triple Entente

Multiple Choice: New weapons and technologies created a stalemate at the western and southern fronts. Which of these were technologies that were developed or improved upon during World War I?

Machine guns

Poisonous gasses

Quinine

Tanks

Airplanes

Antibiotics

Machine guns, Poisonous gasses, Tanks, Airplane

The result of war depended heavily on how a country handled their economy and society at home, which was known as the ______. War would continue on until a nation could no longer gather and mobilize their resources. This concept, also known as ______, describes the nature of a war that would not end until all a nation's resources were expended.

home front, total war

Propaganda was used to:

Keep people's spirits up on the home front

Maintain national unity

Dehumanize the enemy to encourage warfare victory

All of the above

None of the above

All of the Above

T/F: One reason that the war’s scale grew to global proportions because European hostilities spread to their colonies, and they needed more men and other resources.

True

The ________ refers to when the Soviets gained control of the Petrograd soviets, capitalizing on the provisional government's failures and anti-war sentiments gaining traction.

By November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks took over the Provisional government.

October Revolution

The U.S. declared war on April 7, 1917 because:

The Zimmerman Note

where Germany proposed an alliance with Brazil,

A Spanish submarine sank the Lusitania,

None of the above.

None of the Above

The War ended on November 11, 1918, and the Treaty of _______ formally ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers.

Versailles

The Influenza Pandemic of 1918, otherwise known as the _______ (2 words), began to spread across the world just as the war was coming to an end. This pandemic killed more than 20 million people, as there was no cure.

Spanish Flu

The ________(2 words) emerged after the end of the Great War as a compromise to making colonies. This allowed self-determination only in Europe, and allowed the Allies to gain territory under pretenses of "helping" nations who were having difficulty establishing themselves.

mandate system

President Woodrow Wilson drew up the ________(two words) that focused on the right to self-determination which he believed would help the world plan for peacetime after the war and keep things fair. Many of these points were rejected.

Fourteen Points

T/F: The League of Nations was formed to maintain peace, and held a lot of power because they were able to enforce all decisions.

False

T/F: After the end of the Great War, young men and women in the U.S considered themselves the "lost generation" and were by and large disappointed, unhappy, and disenchanted.

True

There were advancements in the following fields in the period between World War l and World War ll:

Physics and chemistry

Psychoanalysis

Art

All of the above

None of the above

All of the Above

In 1929, there was a global economic downturn for a number of reasons, including war debts that could not be repaid, an increase in the cost of raw materials, and a decrease in agricultural output. On October 24, 1929, otherwise known as _____ (2 words) the stock market on Wall Street crashed after people engaged in panic selling, or selling their stocks to prevent more loss.

Black Thursday

As a result of the global depression, existing financial and commercial networks were destroyed. Some countries engaged in economic nationalism, which mean that:

Nations began to engage less with other countries and focusing on internal sustainability

Nations increased their engagement with other countries to increase trade

Tariffs were lowered to increase trade and competition

These countries increased their industrial production.

Nations began to engage less with other countries and focusing on internal sustainability

The most influential economist in the 20th century, ____ (three words, name) espoused a theory that posited more input from the government would life a country out of depression. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR applied this Keynasian theory in his ___ ___ program in the United States.

John Maynard Keynes, New Deal

In Russia, a proletariat system was growing that Marxists believed would successfully replace capitalism. This man was responsible for transforming the formerly Tsarist empire into a socialist one. In 1917, the Bolshevik party took power and this man became a dictator.

Leon Trotsky

Vladmir Lenin

Josef Stalin

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Vladmir Lenin

Josef Stalin became dictator of the Soviet Union in 1928 and produced a ___ (3 words) that would transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power. His plan focused on rapid and heavy industrailization, centralization of government, and the collectivization of agriculture. Between 1935 and 1938, Stalin incited a civil war and began the ___ (two words), a policy that was intended to solidify his rule and remove those he saw challenges to his rule, and involved the imprisonment and execution of kulaks, intellectuals, clergymen, as well as members of the Communist leaders and party members and members of the Red Army.

Five Year Plan, Great Purge or Great Terror

Besides Communism, another alternative to democracy emerged. This political movement, known as Fascism, was taken up in Italy, Germany, and Spain, but also spread to Japan, China, South Africa, and Brazil (among other places). This political party emphasized:

Ultranationalism

Ethnocentrism

Militarism

All of the above

All of the above

Adolf Hitler became chair of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, otherwise known as the ___ Party, in 1921. He tried to overthrow the democratic ___ (2 words) in 1923, but failed and was jailed. A year later, he was released and focused on gaining votes. Hitler capitalized on the dissatisfaction of people with German democracy and became the biggest party by 1932.

Nazi, Weimar Republic

Based on the scientific theory of evolution forwarded by Charles Darwin, the theory of Social Darwinsim argued that races were innately drvie to compete with one another. This theory impacted the study of ____, a pseudo-science and racist ideology that promoted racial superiority and purity.

Eugenics

Nationalism

Antisemitism

Facism

Eugenics