Hass Principles of Justice (John Button)

Equality Before the Law

Everyone must be treated the same under the law, regardless of status, wealth, or power.

Presumption of Innocence

A person is considered innocent until proven guilty in court.

Fair and Public Trials

Trials should be open and unbiased, allowing all parties to defend themselves.

Access to Justice

Laws must be clear; everyone should know their rights and how to get legal help.

Independent Judiciary

Judges must make decisions free from outside pressure or government influence.

Legality

People can only be punished for breaking laws that were in place at the time of the action.

Transparency

Laws and court decisions must be made openly to help people understand them.

Checks and Balances

Power is shared among different branches to prevent abuse.

Accountability

Leaders must follow the law and can be punished for violations.

Freedom of Expression and Criticism

People have the right to speak out against unfair laws and demand justice.

Right to Legal Representation

Everyone has the right to a lawyer for a fair defense.

Right to Appeal

People can challenge unfair or incorrect court decisions.

Jury System

Citizens decide serious criminal cases for a fair and balanced process.

Due Process

All legal steps must be followed before punishment is imposed.

No Arbitrary Detention

No arrest or jailing without a valid legal reason.

Equality of Outcomes

Laws should aim for fair results, not just equal initial treatment.

Burden of Proof on the Prosecution

The state must prove guilt; the accused does not prove innocence.

Double Jeopardy

A person cannot be tried twice for the same offence if found not guilty.

Protection from Torture or Cruel Treatment

The justice system must respect human rights and dignity.

Right to Remain Silent

A person does not have to answer questions that may incriminate them.