Communication-based strategies to curb the overuse of low-value cancer screening

Low-value cancer screening

Cancer screenings that do not provide clear life-saving benefits and can cause harm, such as overdiagnosis.

Overdiagnosis

The diagnosis of a medical condition that will not cause symptoms or death in a patient's lifetime, resulting in unnecessary treatment.

Affective message

Communication that highlights the emotional consequences, such as anxiety or worry, associated with a decision like cancer screening.

Diagnostic uncertainty

The lack of certainty regarding the accuracy of diagnostic tests for conditions like cancer, which can lead to misdiagnosis.

Noncancer disease label

A labeling strategy that applies a term other than 'cancer' to certain low-risk conditions to reduce fear and encourage informed medical decision-making.

Anticipated regret

The expectation of regret that one might feel after making a decision, used as a motivator in decision-making processes.

Perceived severity

How serious a person views a health threat, which can affect their decision-making regarding screening and treatment.

Perceived susceptibility

An individual's assessment of their likelihood of experiencing a health issue, which can influence their health behavior.

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

A social cognitive theory proposing that individual behavior is driven by intentions, which are influenced by attitudes and subjective norms.

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)

A theory suggesting that individuals will engage in protective behaviors based on their perceptions of threat and their ability to cope with that threat.