protists

photoautotrophy

photosynthetic, uses inorganic carbon source, contain plastids. algae - some have a cell wall, swimming algae won't have a cell wall

heterotrophic

feed on bacteria, fungi, other protists. protozoa - none have cell wall

mixotrophy

photosynthesise and eat other organisms, none have a cell wall

size range

5um - 5mm

similarities to bacteria

cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, ribosomes, asexual reprouction, population growth curve, can produce cysts

differences to bacteria

nucleus, ER, mitochondrion, golgi, chloroplasts. no hyperthermophiles, mostly mesophilic, only have obligate aerobes and anaerobes

when in cell wall present

nonmotile photosynthetic protists, all cysts

when is cell wall not present

motile protists - they overcome osmosis using a contractile vacuole

aerobic respiration

O2 - mitochondria - CO2

anaerobic respiration

pyruvate - hydrogenosomes - H2, acetate, CO2

endosymbiont theory

alpha-proteobacterium became a mitochondrion, hydrogenosome evolved from mitochondrion, cyanobacterium became a chloroplast

evidence for endosymbiont theory

size of organelle, phylogenetic analysis, circular dna in organelles, they can replicate whenever, double membrane

organellar mixotrophy

selective digestion, eats algal cells, doesn't digest plastids, plastids fix CO2, protist can live without plastids, ciliates and amoebae

cellular mixotrophy

no digestion, eats algal cells, algae fix CO2 and divide in cell, protist can live without algae, endosymbiotic, ciliates and amoebae

constitutive mixotrophy

algae evolve into organelles, protist cant live without them - flagellates