midyear study guide Geo vocabulary Mr.Fisher

hehe 69 -Dante Politano

Point of intersection

The intersecting lines share a common point, which exists on all the intersecting lines.

solution

A value or values which, when substituted for a variable in an equation, make the equation true.

equation

a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal

X-intercepts

The x-intercept is where a line crosses the x-axis

Line of symmetry

The line that divides a shape or an object into two equal and symmetrical parts.

slope

A measure of its steepness.

rate of change

The percentage change in value over a defined period of time.

Y-intercept

The y-intercept is the point where the line crosses the y-axis.

slope-intercept form

The equation of a straight line in the form y = mx + b where m is the slope of the line and b is its y-intercept.

point-slope form

An equation of a line written using one point on the line and the slope of the line.

point

A point is represented by a dot (.) and is used to tell exact location in space.

line

A straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions.

plane

A two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors.

collinear

Three or more points , , , ..., are said to be collinear if they lie on a single straight line.

coplanar

Points or lines are said to be coplanar if they lie in the same plane.

intersection

When two or more lines cross each other in a plane.

line segment

a piece or part of a line having two endpoints.

congruent segments

segments that have the same length.

ray

a vector from a point to a point

opposite ray

if. (1) they have the same endpoint, and. (2) their union is a line.

angle

An angle is formed when two straight lines or rays meet at a common endpoint.

side

An aspect of a geometrical shape.

vertex

A special point of a mathematical object, and is usually a location where two or more lines or edges meet.

interior

An object inside a geometric figure, or the entire space inside a figure or shape.

exterior

The angle between a side of a polygon and an extended adjacent side.

degree

A unit of measure is used to measure the magnitude of an angle.

right angle

When two straight lines intersect each other at 90˚ or are perpendicular to each other at the intersection

acute angle

less than 90 degrees.

obtuse angle

more than 90 degrees.

angle bisector

the line or line segment that divides the angle into two equal parts.

adjacent angles

when they share the common vertex and side.

linear pair

Formed when two lines intersect each other at a single point.

vertical angles

the angles opposite each other when two lines cross. "Vertical" in this case means they share the same Vertex (corner point), not the usual meaning of up-down.

complementary angles

when their measures add to 90 degrees.

supplementary angles

when their measures add up to 180 degrees.

perpendicular lines

lines that intersect at a right (90 degrees) angle.

parallel lines

lines in a plane that are always the same distance apart.

skew lines

Two or more lines which have no intersections but are not parallel.

parallel planes

Two planes that do not intersect

transversal

A line that passes through two lines in the same plane at two distinct points in the geometry.

interior angles

An angle inside a shape.

exterior angles

An angle outside the shape

consecutive interior angles

Two angles that are on the same side of the transversal.

alternate interior angles

the angles formed when a transversal intersects two coplanar lines.

alternate exterior angles

the pair of angles on the outer side of the two parallel lines but on the opposite side of the transversal.

corresponding angles

the angles which __occupy__ the same relative position at each __intersection__ where a straight line __crosses__ two others.

radical

The √ symbol that is used to denote square root or nth roots.

radicand

A number or expression inside the radical symbol.

coefficient

A number multiplied by a variable.

like radicals

Radicals that have the same root number AND radicand

unlike radicals

radicals differing in either the radicand or index.

square root

a factor of a number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number.

perfect square

When you multiply an integer (a “whole” number, positive, negative or zero) times itself.

distance

The length along a line or line segment between two points on the line or line segment.

length

the term used for identifying the size of an object or distance from one point to the other.

midpoint

the point on a line that is at an equal distance from either end.

segment bisector

divides the line segment into 2 equal parts.

pythagorean theorem

The Pythagorean theorem consists of a formula a^2+b^2=c^2 which is used to figure out the value of (mostly) the hypotenuse in a right triangle.

scalene triangle

a triangle whose all three sides have different lengths, and all three angles are of different measures.

isosceles triangle

a triangle in which two sides have the same length.

equilateral triangle

a triangle that has all its sides equal in length.

equiangular triangle

A triangle with three equal interior angles

acute triangle

A type of triangle in which all the three internal angles of the triangle are acute.

obtuse triangle

A triangle in which one of the interior angles measures more than 90° degrees.

right triangle

A triangle in which one of the interior angles is 90°

triangle-angle sum theorem

the sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°.

triangle exterior angle

formed when one side of a triangle is extended.

theorem

a statement which has been proved true by a special kind of logical argument called a rigorous proof.

triangle inequality

describes the relationship between the three sides of a triangle.