mechanisms of disease

IgE

part of membrane receptors on mast cells, basophils, & eosinophils

IgM = _Y

5

IgG = _Y

Fe

IgA

secretory

IgD

part of B-cell/T-cell membrane receptor

acute onset mediated by _

IgE

antibody-mediated/cytotoxic mediated by _

IgG + IgM = complement activation

T-cells produce _ to become _

IL-4; TH²

_ + _ = mucus production

IL-13; IgE

IL-5

activates eosinophils

proteases are produced due to _

complement activation

eosinophils release _

basic/cationic proteins

T-cell central tolerance

undergo apoptosis or become regulatory

B-cell central tolerance

reset by gene shuffling

peripheral tolerance

regulatory T-cells, deletion by apoptosis, anergy

pathogen → _ → _ → _

high B7; CD28 prevails; activation

self-antigen → _ → _ → _

low B7; CTLA-4 prevails; anergy

regulatory T-cells produce _ & _ to inhibit

IL-10; TGF-β

TH1

highly inflammatory

TH17

recruits

high glucose → _ → _ → _ → _ → _

excess ATP; blocks K⁺ channels; depolarization; Ca²⁺ influx; insulin granule release

HIV infection: _ binds _ & _; _ initiates fusion

gp120; CD4; chemokine receptor; gp41