ccp 3.1 organic nomenclature

Organic nomenclature

is the systematic method of naming

organic chemical compounds as recommended by the

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

(IUPAC).

Organic nomenclature

It ensures that each compound has a unique and

universally understood name.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

(IUPAC).

Organic nomenclature is the systematic method of naming

organic chemical compounds as recommended by the

Identify the Longest Carbon Chain (Parent Chain)

Number the Carbon Chain

Identify and Name Substituents

Assign a Locant (Position) to Each Substituent

Assemble the Name

Basic Rules of IUPAC Nomenclature 5

Identify the Longest Carbon Chain (Parent Chain)

The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

determines the base name of the compound.

Number the Carbon Chain

Assign numbers to the

carbon atoms so that substituents have the lowest

possible numbers.

Identify and Name Substituents

Identify groups

attached to the parent chain and name them

accordingly.

Assign a Locant (Position) to Each Substituent

Use the number from the parent chain to indicate the

substituent’s position.

Assemble the Name

Arrange substituents in

alphabetical order and use prefixes (di-, tri-, tetra-) for

multiple identical groups.

Alkanes

(Saturated Hydrocarbons)

Alkanes

General formula: CnH2n+2

Alkanes

Named with the suffix “-ane”

CH4 (Methane), C2H6 (Ethane), C3H8

(Propane)

Alkanes ex

Alkenes

(Unsaturated Hydrocarbons with Double Bonds)

Alkenes

General formula: CnH2n

Alkenes

Named with the suffix “-ene”

Alkenes

Indicate the position of the double bond with the

lowest number.

C2H4 (Ethene), C3H6 (Propene)

Alkenes example

Alkynes

(Unsaturated Hydrocarbons with Triple Bonds)

Alkynes

General formula: CnH2n−2

Alkynes

Named with the suffix “-yne”

Alkynes

Indicate the position of the triple bond.

C2H2 (Ethyne), C3H4 (Propyne)

Alkynes example

Alkanes

Alkenes

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons 3

Alcohols

Aldehydes

Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Amines

Functional Groups 6

(-OH)

Alcohols

Alcohols

Named by replacing “-e” of the parent hydrocarbon

with “-ol”

CH3OH (Methanol), C2H5OH (Ethanol)

Alcohols ex

(-CHO)

Aldehydes

Aldehydes

Named by replacing “-e” with “-al”

CH3CHO (Ethanal)

Aldehydes ex

Ketones

(-CO- within the chain)

Ketones

Named by replacing “-e” with “-one”

CH3COCH3 (Propanone)

Ketones ex

(-COOH)

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acids

Named by replacing “-e” with “-oic acid”

CH3COOH (Ethanoic acid)

Carboxylic Acids ex

(-COO- between chains)

Esters

Esters

Named using the format Alkyl Alkanoate

CH3COOCH3 (Methyl ethanoate)

Esters ex

(-NH2)

Amines

Amines

Named by adding “amine” to the alkane name

CH3NH2 (Methylamine)

Amines ex

1. Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > Esters >

Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Amines

2. Use the Highest Priority Group as the Main Suffix

3. Other Functional Groups are Named as Prefixes

Naming Organic Compounds with Multiple Functional

Groups 3

Carboxylic acids

Priority Order: _> Esters >

Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Amines

Esters

Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > _ >

Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Amines

Aldehydes

Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > Esters >

_ > Ketones > Alcohols > Amines

Ketones

Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > Esters >

Aldehydes > _ > Alcohols > Amines

Alcohols

Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > Esters >

Aldehydes > Ketones > _ > Amines

Amines

Priority Order: Carboxylic acids > Esters >

Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > _

Main Suffix

Use the Highest Priority Group as the _

Prefixes

Other Functional Groups are Named as _

o Example: 3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid

Carboxylic acids > Esters >

Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Amines

Priority Order: 6

Cycloalkanes:

Aromatic Compounds:

Cyclic and Aromatic Compounds 2

Cycloalkanes:

Use the prefix “cyclo-” before the

parent chain name (e.g., Cyclopentane)

Aromatic Compounds:

Based on benzene (e.g.,

Toluene, Phenol)

IUPAC nomenclature

Understanding the rules of _ is essential

for accurate communication in chemistry.

IUPAC nomenclature

Mastery of these

naming conventions enables precise identification and

classification of organic molecules.