MHA 701 Ch 4 Quiz

Attitudes

Are a complex combination of an individual's personality, beliefs, values, behaviors, and motivations.

Include feelings, thoughts, and actions

An attempt to explain a person's behavior.

Cognitive Dissonance

Refers to any inconsistency that a person perceives between the persons behavior and attitudes

Any form of inconsistency that is uncomfortable for the person will prompt the person to reduce the dissonance (conflict). Harry, John, and Mary example

Other approaches that a person may use to reduce the inconsistency are as folows:

Eliminating their responsibility or control over an act or decision.

Denying, distorting, or selectively forgetting the information.

Minimizing the importance of the issue, decision, or act.

Selecting new information that is consistant with an attitude or behavior.

Attitude formation is a result of

Learning

Modeling other individuals actions and attitudes

Direct experiences with people and situations

Effective managers

continuously survey their employees so they can detect problem areas and implement the necessary changes.

How to change someone's attitude

Provide new information

Attitudes are formed over a lifetime

Through an individual's socialization process. A socialization process includes their formation of values and beliefs during childhood years, influenced not only by family, religion, and culture but also by socioeconomic factors.

Perception

Is the process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world

4 stages of perception

Stimulation, registration, organization, and interpretation

Halo effect

occurs when an individual forms a general impression about another person no the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance.

Social perception

how an individual "sees" others and how others perceive an individual

Contrast effect

Evaluating a person's characteristics by comparison to others

Projection

Perceiving others in ways that reflect a perceivers own attitudes and beliefs

Stereotyping

Judging someone on that basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs to

Pygmalion effect

Causing a person to act erroneously on the basis of another person's perception

Impression management

Controlling another person's perception of oneself