WGU C954 Information Technology Mangement Final Exam Prep fully comprehensive version ( 684 questions and answers 2025 )

Question 1

One of the deliverables in your project involves marketing your new product with email blasts. Your team writes several drafts of the different marketing materials, generates an email list, and programs the emails to be sent on the correct dates. Which of the following represents a milestone in your project plan?

Marketing emails are sent on scheduled dates.

Question 2

One of the tasks in your project involves setting up the stage for a talent show. Before the team can do this, you need estimates from an audiovisual contractor, and the construction crew needs to build the stage backdrop. What term refers to these preliminary needs?

Task dependencies

Vendors

Milestones

You start a new job as a project manager in an industry that is unfamiliar to you. Which of the following are examples of domain knowledge that you will need to have a basic understanding of? Select all that apply.

Industry terms

Industry processes

Question 5

You have gathered information from project documentation and the project team. With this information, you identified and created a list of tasks for your project plan. What is the next step for completing your project plan?

Identify the order in which tasks need to be completed.

When populating your project plan with a set of tasks, when is the best time to hold a group brainstorming session with team members to help identify tasks?

After you review project documentation

After you research your project online

Which of the following may indicate a milestone for your project?

A task that your stakeholders have the most interest in.

A task that can be completed most quickly.

A task that your team is most excited about.

Question 7

What term refers to a time estimate that only takes into account the actual time it takes to complete a task?

Total duration estimate

Milestone estimate

Effort estimate

Question 8

You are making time estimates for your project plan. You ask your task expert to estimate how long the task would take if you assume you need to replace your vendor and you experience unexpected turnover right before the task begins. Which of the measures involved in "three-point" time estimations are you asking from your task expert?

Pessimistic time estimates

Why is the three-point time estimating technique a good way to determine a confidence rating for your time estimates?

It ensures you have considered the best-case and worst-case conditions for a task.

Question 10

Which of the following is a good way to bring empathy to a conversation?

Listen with curiosity.

You are managing a construction project and must pour the foundation before you can move on to the building phase of your project. You have ordered the required materials, selected the best team members to execute the pouring, and scheduled a day to when the foundation will be poured. Which of the following represents a milestone in your project plan?

Completing the foundation

Selecting team members

Scheduling a day to pour the foundation

You are developing a schedule for your team's project plan. Why might you ask your stakeholders or colleagues to share with you emails that relate to the project?

These emails can help you bond with your colleagues.

These emails can help you uncover tasks.

You start a new job as a project manager in the private banking industry. You need to have a basic understanding of topics such as how clients open accounts, back office operations, and how trade confirmations are verified. Which of the following terms refers to the knowledge you need?

Domain knowledge

You need to reach out to a high-influence stakeholder for help in identifying project tasks. You gather as much information as possible and outline clear questions for the stakeholder. Why is it important to complete this prep work before your conversation?

This preparation demonstrates your respect for your stakeholder's limited time.

Question 5

Determining the proper task order will help you assign start and end dates for each task. When determining task priorities, what should you consider first?

The basic order of operations

Which of the following may indicate a milestone for your project?

A task that has a major impact on the project's overall progress

You estimate time requirements for designing and launching a new page on the company website. Your page designer estimates that they can design and build a page for launch in three days. You determine that you will need an additional two days for copy editing, legal clearance, and launch authorizations. What is the effort estimate for this task?

Three days

You are making time estimates for your project plan. You ask your task expert to estimate how long the task would take if you assume you need to replace your vendor and you experience unexpected turnover right before the task begins. Which of the measures involved in "three-point" time estimations are you asking from your task expert?

Pessimistic time estimates

As a project manager, you determine your time estimate confidence ratings. You notice that your confidence is low across a large percentage of task estimates. Who is the most important person to communicate your uncertainty about the project timeline to?

Your manager

Your project stakeholders

When you ask questions of your team members without showing empathy, you can leave them feeling too closely observed, controlled, or continuously reminded of the work they have been assigned. What is the term that expresses this negative impact your team members feel in this case?

Micromanaging

Your team is building a website that will consist of four new pages of content. Your project plan has two team members work together to deliver one page of content: one will outline page content while the other does mockups of page layout. Then they will work together to produce the completed page. Which of the following represents a milestone in your project plan?

A completed page of content

You are developing a schedule for your team's project plan. Why might you ask your stakeholders or colleagues to share with you emails that relate to the project?

These emails tell you what your team members are doing.

These emails can help you uncover tasks.

These emails can help you bond with your colleagues.

Question 3

Which of the following terms refer to knowledge of a specific industry, such as industry terms, techniques, and processes?

Domain knowledge

Question 5

You have created an ordered list of tasks for your project plan. What is the next step for identifying milestones?

Identify tasks that can be completed most quickly.

Identify additional tasks for your project plan.

Identify points in the task list where you can evaluate work completed so far.

What term refers to a time estimate that accounts for factors like getting approvals, prep work, testing, and so on?

Total duration estimate

Which of the measures involved in "three-point" time estimations is based on how long the task usually takes under normal circumstances, with only slight adjustments to the best-case scenario?

Planning time estimates

Most likely time estimates

Most likely time estimates

Question 9

As a project manager, you determine your time estimate confidence ratings. You notice that your confidence is low across a large percentage of task estimates. Who is the most important person to communicate your uncertainty about the project timeline to?

Your project stakeholders

Which of the measures involved in "three-point" time estimations express how long you hope the task will take, assuming everything goes as planned?

Milestone time estimates

Planning time estimates

Optimistic time estimates

Which data set consumes disk space equal to the change in the data since it was last captured?

A. Static

B. Snapshot

C. Dynamic

D. Big

B

A business wants to allow its employees to communicate online with each other in real time.

What should the business use to achieve this?

A. Word processor

B. Instant messaging

C. Spreadsheet

D. Email

B

An organization wants to calculate its sales by region.

Which type of software will serve this need?

A. Personnel management

B. Inventory management

C. Customer relationship management (CRM)

D. Human resources management (HRM)

C

Which component functions as a computer's working memory?

A. Central processing unit (CPU)

B. Read-only memory (ROM)

C. Random access memory (RAM)

D. Solid state drive (SSD)

C

What is a secondary storage medium?

A. Read-only memory

B. Cache

C. Magnetic tape

D. Random access memory

C

Which type of network should a company use if they want to connect a group of computers in an office building?

A. LAN

B. WAN

C. PAN

D. MAN

A

Which network topology uses a central hub to which all devices on the network are connected?

A. Wireless

B. Bus

C. Star

D. Hybrid

C

Which multiuser operating system originated at AT&T's Bell Laboratories?

A. OS X

B. Android

C. Unix

D. Linux

C

Which lifecycle stage of ITIL focuses on ensuring that a business's objectives align with those of the IT provider?

A. Service strategy (SS)

B. Service transition (ST)

C. Service design (SD)

D. Service operation (SO)

A

Why was ITIL developed?

A. As an assessment tool to be used globally in the IT industry

B. As a consulting organization to support the IT industry globally

C. As a global oversight committee for the IT industry

D. As a guide to be used globally in the IT industry

D

Which two subcategories are found within the service strategy stages?

Choose 2 answers.

A. Demand management

B. Knowledge management

C. Access management

D. Problem management

E. Financial management

AE

Which IT ethics policy protects a company by outlining the corporate guidelines or principles governing online communications?

A. Social media

B. Information privacy

C. Email privacy

D. Acceptable use

A

What is an example of a best practice in an ethical IT use policy?

A. Perform non-repudiation

B. Eliminate information management risks

C. Train employees in compliance

D. Create automatic updates of software patches

C

Which IT ethical policy is violated when an employee shares information with non-employees about an impending release of a new software application?

A. Intellectual property protection

B. Software pirating

C. Privacy breach

D. Digital rights management

A

Which IT ethics policy requires a user to agree to follow a policy that indicates requirements for corporate email use, information systems, and the Internet?

A. Social media

B. Data retention

C. Working conditions

D. Acceptable use

D

Which IT ethics policy provides guidance to employees about posting information regarding the organization on websites?

A. Social media

B. Conflict of interest

C. Internet use

D. Individual unit

A

Which sustainability concern is addressed by upcycling?

A. Increased energy consumption

B. Decreased energy consumption

C. Increased reuse of electronic waste

D. Decreased reuse of electronic waste

C

Which type of sustainable computing infrastructure makes an electrical system more reliable by adding the ability to remotely monitor, analyze, and control the transmission of power?

A. Smart grid

B. Virtualized

C. Cloud

D. Utility

A

What is an example of a sustainable IT practice?

A. A company installs 500 GB, rather than 1 TB, hard disks on office computers.

B. A company uses a powerful computer as its backup server to make sure its business is sustainable if the main server fails.

C. A company signs a contract with a virtualization service provider to host its disaster recovery.

D. A company asks their employees to bring their laptops to work to enhance the company's computing power.

C

Which type of unified communications system is used to analyze product cycles and competitive intelligence?

A. Systems analysis

B. Sales analytics

C. Supply chain management

D. Customer analytics

B

What is a benefit attributed to the use of unified communications?

A. Customers have direct access to logistics information.

B. Vendors are encouraged to use electronic data interchange (EDI) as a control technique for reorder.

C. Data is easier to organize and archive.

D. Electronic messages can be sent and received using different forms of communication.

D

Which characteristic of a podcast enable it to be used as a marketing tool?

A. Can resolve questions or problems immediately

B. Can make visual presentation over the web.

C. Can answer simple questions quickly and easily

D. Can be used for discussing detailed product overviews.

D

A company needs to increase the productivity of workers managing a project. Which type of software is designed to target this problem?

A. Groupware

B. Email

C. Word processing

D. Data management

A

A company wants to implement a system that allows the company to send coupons to customers who shop on their website.

Which type of software system should the company implement?

A. Customer relationship management (CRM)

B. Data warehousing management (DWM)

C. Supply chain management (SCM)

D. Content management (CM)

A

A company wants to visualize their critical success factors to maximize opportunities.

Which system should they use?

A. Transaction processing (TPS)

B. Customer relationship management (CRM)

C. Analytical processing (APS)

D. Executive information (EIS)

D

A company's board of directors suggests it should boost productivity in its factories by monitoring factory equipment and signaling when preventive maintenance is required.

Which type of software should the company buy to meet this goal?

A. Data warehousing

B. Supply chain management

C. Enterprise resource planning

D. Artificial intelligence

D

A business needs a system that supports unstructured, long-term, non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight.

Which type of management information system (MIS) addresses this need?

A. Online analytical processing system (OAPS)

B. Decision support system (DSS)

C. Transaction processing systems (TPS)

D. Executive information system (EIS)

D

Which system has the goal to integrate all of the organizational systems into one fully functioning, high-performance system capable of meeting all business needs and user requirements?

A. Customer relationship management (CRM)

B. Decision support system (DSS)

C. Business intelligence (BI)

D. Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

D

Which component is key in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems?

A. Metrics dashboard

B. Common data repository

C. Virtual desktop

D. Local area network (LAN)

B

Which enterprise resource planning (ERP) tool is formed from multiple data marts to store data?

A. Data platform

B. Data analysis

C. Database

D. Data warehouse

D

Which management system software extends customer relationship management (CRM) by providing web-based tools to streamline the human resource department?

A. Employee

B. Supplier

C. Vendor

D. Partner

A

A company starts using a customer relationship management (CRM) system and discovers that it has a data mining component that collects information about the company's current customers' buying patterns.

Which department should be using this information?

A. Sales department

B. Back office

C. Front office

D. IT department

B

Which type of customer relationship management (CRM) system maintains customer information and identifies prospective customers for future sales using tools such as organizational charts, detailed customer notes, and supplemental sales information?

A. Contact management

B. Sales management

C. Opportunity management

D. Partner management

A

Which attribute of IT professionals and managers allows them to champion early adoption of new technologies and services?

A. Having a broad perspective

B. Using a system approach

C. Thinking like a venture capitalist

D. Being a change agent

D

Why does a chief information officer (CIO) need to be cautiously collaborative?

A. The more people involved, the easier it is to lead.

B. Involving many people in decision-making quickens the process.

C. Relying too much on others is perceived as a weakness.

D. Many employees cannot come to a decision.

C

An IT leader contributes to driving performance, growing revenue as a business partner, and envisioning the business future.

Which term refers to the business future focus?

A. Venture capitalist

B. Business strategist

C. Chief technology officer (CTO)

D. Change agent

A

What is one effective way to get IT leaders to start thinking of their positions as business roles instead of technological experts?

A. Market their value

B. Work as a team

C. Specialize in one area

D. Participate in rotational programs

D

What is the difference between research and development (R&D) and innovation?

A. Innovation is the result of investment, and R&D comes naturally.

B. R&D is the result of investment, and innovation comes naturally.

C. Innovation creates knowledge, and R&D creates new business.

D. R&D creates knowledge, and innovation creates new business.

D

Which business principle suggests looking out beyond 36 months to envision a business's future?

A. Tearing down the walls

B. Thinking like a venture capitalist

C. Building a culture of innovation

d. Navigating the technology landscape

B

How do global growth trends in information industries impact IT leaders?

A. Demand for personnel globally will increase the need for bi-lingual managers.

B. Downsizing, outsourcing, and layoffs will continue as organizations restructure.

C. Information will flow from back-office workers to higher management for analysis.

D. More mid-level managers will be required, thus flattening the corporate structure.

B

Which trend will have the greatest impact on future business according to the World Future Society?

A. Time as one of the most precious commodities

B. Negative rate of population growth in western countries

C. Domination of China and India in the information industries

D. Increased tensions between countries on scarce resources

A

Which cybersecurity attack monitors data traveling over a network including passwords and sensitive information?

A. Sniffing

B. Phishing

C. Spoofing

D. Spyware

A

Which hacker weapons rely on altering data as it travels on the Internet?

A. Packet tampering

B. Elevation of privilege

C. Spam blogs

D. Malicious code

A

Which small electronic device changes user passwords automatically?

A. Certificate

B. Token

C. Private Key

D. Smart card

B

Which security approach requires a username and password?

A. Single-factor

B. Tri-factor

C. Two-factor

D. Multifactor

A

Which type of authentication is based on recognition of physical characteristics such as voice or handwriting?

A. Two-factor

B. Single-factor

C. Biometric

D. Token

C

What is a detailed plan for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic event?

A. Technological continuity

B. Business continuity

C. Disaster recovery

D. Backup and recovery

C

As part of a disaster recovery plan, a company establishes a site that is a separate facility fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.

Which type of site is this?

A. Hot

B. Ready

C. Cold

D. Warm

A

An organization wants to enhance daily operational decision making through the use of an operational support system.

Which tool should be used to capture event information needed for processing newly updated information?

A. Online analytical processing

B. Decision support system

C. Online transaction processing

D. Executive information system

C

What do employees at the managerial level of an organization continually evaluate in order to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change?

A. Structured decisions

B. Semistructured decisions

C. Transaction reports

D. Company operations

D

Which term describes the agreed-upon time between the purchase and delivery of a product?

A. Inventory cycle time

B. Customer order cycle time

C. Inventory turnover

D. Back order

B

What can a company use to build a product prototype for the purpose of testing user acceptance before beginning large-scale production?

A. Sketch

B. 3D printer

C. Wireframe

D. Virtual factory

B

What is used to represent key dates for activities that need to be accomplished?

A. Project milestone

B. Operational feasibility

C. Responsibility matrix

D. Project deliverable

A

Which tool links a project to an organization's overall business goals?

A. Project objectives

B. Communication plan

C. Scope statement

D. Project deliverable

C

What would a project lead use to identify the project's critical path?

A. PERT chart

B. Responsibility matrix

C. Communication plan

D. Project milestones

A

Which SMART criterion is used to analyze a deliverable outcome?

A. Measurable

B. Tangible

C. Realistic

D. Specific

A

What is the primary distinction between nearshore and offshore outsourcing?

A. Cost

B. Distance

C. Technical skill

D. Language

B

What has in-house development been instrumental in creating?

A. Quality labor force

B. Globalization

C. Industry growth

D. Consulting companies

A

Which software development methodology requires stakeholders to provide a comprehensive list of requirements?

A. Rapid application development (RAD)

B. Extreme programming

C. Waterfall

D. Scrum

C

Which software development methodology uses early prototypes to best align with stakeholders' expectations?

A. Rapid application development (RAD)

B. Waterfall

C. Extreme programming

D. Rational unified process (RUP)

A

Which software development methodology uses sequential gates?

A. Waterfall

B. Prototyping

C. Rational unified process (RUP)

D. Rapid application development (RAD)

C

Which phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is occurring when an organization brings project pieces together and checks interoperability?

A. Design

B. Testing

C. Analysis

D. Planning

B

Which phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) involves programmers transforming a product into a new system?

A. Testing

B. Design

C. Development

D. Implementation

C

A project team is reviewing the project scope to ensure it maps with stakeholder expectations.

Which gate of the rational unified process (RUP) is the team executing?

A. Elaboration

B. Inception

C. Construction

D. Transition

B

An organization is operating an in-house developed system.

Which phase of the waterfall methodology is the organization executing?

A. Implementation

B. Maintenance

C. Analysis

D. Development

B

What should a business analyst use to depict activities of different users?

A. Workflow modeling

B. Paper prototyping

C. Storyboarding

D. Simulations

C

Which prototyping method demonstrates how a solution operates?

A. Workflow modeling

B. Simulation

C. Paper prototyping

D. Storyboarding

B

Which prototyping method is used to predict user acceptance prior to system development?

A. Diagrams

B. Role playing

C. Workflow modeling

D. Storyboards

B

A company has multiple locations and employs hundreds of people. Employees must be connected to the same network and have access to the same servers to complete day-to-day tasks. Which computer category would meet this company's needs?

A. Desktop computer

B. Minicomputer

C. Mainframe computer

D. Laptop

C

Which topology is part of the five most common network topologies?

A. Line

B. Moon

C. Full

D. Ring

D

What is a client-server network?

A. An operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users

B. A model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

C. A large computer network that spans large geographic areas, such as a state, province, or country

D. A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server

B

What is a wide area network (WAN)?

A. A large computer network that spans large geographic areas, such as a state, province, or country

B. A computer network designed to connect a group of computers in proximity to each other, such as in an office building, a school, or a home

C. A large computer network usually spanning a city

D. A model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

A