chapter something

devolution

the transfer of some political power from the central government to subnational levels of government

ethnic separatism

The advocacy of full political separation (or secession) from the larger group along cultural, ethnic, tribal, or governmental lines

ethnic cleansing

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.

terrorism

is organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets to create fear for the advancement of political goals

irredentism

a movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural elements but are divided by a national boundary

autonomous regions

have their own local and legislative bodies to govern a region with a population that is an ethnic minority within the entire country and handle their day-to-day governance but are NOY fully independent

subnationalism

people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity

balkanization

the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller often hostile units along ethno-linguistic lines

globalization

the integration of markets, states, communication, and trade on a worldwide scale

Supranationalism

the practice of multiple countries forming an organization for the benefit of all members

United Nations (UN)

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

a group of 28 countries that have agreed to protect and provide mutual defense of member states

European Union (EU)

the world's largest common market, composed of 28 European nations integrate member states politically and economically

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

Free-trade agreement among the United States, Mexico, and Canada that replaced NAFTA in an effort to create more balanced and reciprocal trade.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

organization for economic, political, social, and cultural cooperation among Southeast Asian nations

Arctic Council

provide a means for promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States

African Union

The organization that replaced the Organization of African Unity in 2001; designed to bring about increased political and economic integration of African states.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

International organization derived from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that promotes fair and smooth flow of trade around the world.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

focused on the production oil, or petroleum to coordinate and unify its members' policies to stabilize markets

transnational corporations

companies that conduct business on a global scale

democratization

transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics

time-space compression

the social and psychological effects of faster movement of information over space in a shorter period of time

centrifugal forces

a force that divides people and countries

centripetal forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together.

regionalism

loyalty to a distinct portion of a country is more important than loyalty to the entire country

Ethnonationalism

support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state, especially its national independence or self-determination

nationalism

strong feelings of patriotism and loyalty one feels toward one's country, promotes a sense of belonging even if a country's population is ethnically diverse