ENV101 - TECH

Technology = _________ of conceptual, scientific ________ being applied for a specific purpose = __________ drive ________ but are usually associated with ________ ___________ problems

Technology = application of conceptual, scientific knowledge being applied for a specific purpose = advancements drive progress but are usually associated with negative environmental problems

____ deposition = ____ burning = gases and _________ = ____, ________, _____ combine with _____ in the ____________ = acid ____ deposits = ____________ of ecosystems

Acid deposition = coal burning = gases and particulates = sulfur, nitrogen, carbon combine with water in the atmosphere = acid rain deposits = acidification of ecosystems

Eutrophication = __________ accumulation of ______ matter from _______ of aquatic _____, _____= ________ input of and = _________ blooms = ______ algae sink, decompose = _____ bloom = ____ nutrient, ____ _______

Eutrophication = accelerated accumulation of organic matter from overgrowth of aquatic plants, algae = increase input of N and P = phytoplankton blooms = excess algae sink, decompose = algal bloom = high nutrient, high anoxia

Eutrophication = ______ progression = ____ and ___ accumulation of _______= ______ _________= ____ and _____ ________ in nutrients from _____

Eutrophication = natural progression = slow and low accumulation of nutrients = cultural eutrophication = rapid and large increase in nutrients from runoff

_____ water _____ = supply of _______ ______ and ______ of water for ______ needs

Human water security = supply of sufficient quantity and quality of water for human needs

____ water = water on the ______ (lakes, rivers) and ________ (groundwater) = ____ water = water from _________, ____, ______ = ____ water = water used for _______

Blue water = water on the surface (lakes, rivers) and underground (groundwater) = green water = water from precipitation, soil, plants = gray water = water used for pollution

P_____ f_____ = optimal ______ curve between objectives = _____ dams to generate _________ = ______ enviro ______, _______ and ________locate criteria

Pareto frontier = optimal tradeoff curve between objectives = amazon dams to generate electricity = identify enviro criteria, quantify and spatially locate criteria

R___ _____ ________= found in _____ volumes ______ over ____ areas = release _____ chemicals

Rare earth elements = found in small volumes distributed over large areas = release toxic chemicals

L___-______ mining = ____-___ mining = blasting _____ and bring them to _________ plants = _____ removal, ____ erosion

Land-based mining = open-pit mining = blasting rocks and bring them to concentration plants = forest removal, soil erosion

_____ cycle = ________ of ____________ cycles less ____________ more biomass ______/decomposition = _____ _______ in atmosphere

Carbon cycle = unbalancing of biogeochemical cycles less photosynthesis more biomass burning/decomposition = more carbon in atmosphere

F_________ = breaking _____ into ________ patches, ________, ‘____effect’

Fragmentation = breaking habitats into separate patches, isolation, ‘edge effect’

_-waste = any ______with electrical components that are broken/discarded = EEE = _______ and _______ equipment

E-waste = any product with electrical components that are broken/discarded = EEE = electrical and electronic equipment

There is _________ ________ in relation to _-_____ _________, ________ and __________ e.g Aotearoa produces ____ of e-waste for our _________ size, ___ levels of ______ and __ _____ _______ ________ policy

There is geographical variability in relation to e-waste generation, collection and legislation e.g Aotearoa produces alot of e-waste for our population size, low levels of collection and no active formal national policy

E-waste _______ = ______ = _________, _____ value in ______ percentages of minerals, products ___ ________ to be taken apart = _______ does ___ not meet ______

E-waste recycling = difficult = disassembly, little value in small percentages of minerals, products not engineered to be taken apart = recycling does not meet demand

E-waste _______ = _______ of minerals is ___ ______, majority is ___, ____ rare earth minerals

E-waste recovery = recovery of minerals is not equal, majority is iron, less rare earth minerals

Rare earth minerals = ____ ________ role, but _______ to _____ __________

Rare earth minerals = vital economic role, but vulnerable to supply disruption

E_______ = _________ practices = _________, open ____, _____ baths = release ______ substances and _________ site

Exposure = unregulated practices = scavenging, open burn, acid baths = release toxic substances and contaminate site

_____ management = ___________ treaties e.g _____ Convention = controls ____________ movement of ________ wastes and their _______ = ____ solutions = _______ design, ________ tech = change in _______, waste ________ = Aotearoa, ____ to ____ amendment in ____

Waste management = international treaties e.g Basel Convention = controls transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposals = tech solutions = greener design, recycling tech = change in behavior, waste hierarchy = Aotearoa, right to repair amendment in 2025

_________ = _______ among living organisms and the ______ complexes = includes diversity ____, ______ species and of ecosystems = ______, ________

Biodiversity = variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes = includes diversity within, between species and of ecosystems = richness, evenness

A___ ____ _______ = ____ generation from ______ ______ to water = ____ diversity, elevated _____ blooms = ___ Mine = ______ waters lade with _______ metals

Acid mine drainage = acid generation from exposing minerals to water = low diversity, elevated algal blooms = Tui Mine = acidic waters lade with dissolved metals

S_____ mining = ______ of mineral deposits on _____ floor = costs due to _________, _____conditions, enviro impacts ______, concentrated in ______, ____ economy

Seabed mining = retrieval of mineral deposits on ocean floor = costs due to remoteness, harsh conditions, enviro impacts unknown, concentrated in Pacific, blue economy

________ hierarchy = a____, r_____, r______, c_________ = _____ amount of damage

Mitigation hierarchy = avoid, reduce, replace, compensate = limit amount of damage