[STS]: S1.2 Historical Antecedents of Science and Society

Africa

• Technology in here has a history stretching to the beginning of the human species, stretching back to the first evidence of tool use.

• saw the advent of some of the earliest iron working, technology in the Aïr Mountains.

• the erection of some of the world's oldest monuments, pyramids and towers

• the creation of the world's oldest carbon steel.

• creation with high-temperature blast furnaces

Swahili Coast

(Under Africa) Parts of the East African ____. saw the creation of the world's oldest carbon steel.

Haya people of Tanzania

creation with high-temperature blast furnaces. created by the ______.

Tool use

Technology in Africa has a history stretching to the beginning of the human species, stretching back to the first evidence of ____.

Stone Age

is contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo, when species prior to Homo may have manufactured tools.

Examples: Obsidian, a variety of stone tools

Bronze Age

• is a historical period.

• the use of bronze in some areas proto-writing.,

• early features of urban civilization

• is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze- Iron system.

Bronze Age

is a historical period that was characterized by the use of bronze., in some areas proto-writing., and other early features of urban civilization.

Bronze Age

is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze- Iron system., as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen., for classifying and studying ancient societies.

Christian Jürgensen Thomsen

The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system., as proposed in modern times by ______.

Iron Age

is the final epoch of the three-agedivision of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic., Mesolithic., Neolithic., and Chalcolithic.) and the Bronze Age.

Iron Age

The concept has been mostly applied to Europe. and the Ancient Near East., and, by analogy, also to other parts of the Old World.

Mesopotamia

• They were one of the first Bronze Age.

• Early on they used copper., bronze. and gold. and later they used iron.

• Palaces were decorated with hundreds of kilograms of these very expensive metals

• Also were used for armor. as well as for different weapons such as swords., daggers., spears., and maces.

Egypt

• Invented and used simple machines, such as the ramp

• the first to extract gold. by large-scale mining using fire- setting, and the first recognizable map, the Turin Papyrus shows the plan of one such mine in Nubia.

Turin papyrus

What is the first recognizable map from Egypt?

The Great Pyramid of Giza

the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing

Greece

• had a cavalry arm and the rocky terrain of the Greek mainland.

• the chariot retained a high status and memories of its era were handed down in epic poetry.

• Linear B tablets from Mycenaean palaces record large inventories of chariots

• Later the vehicles were used in games and processions, notably for races at the Olympic. and Panathenaic Games and other public festivals in ancient Greece.

the compass., gunpowder., paper making, and printing

The Four Great Inventions. of China:

Ancient China

The Four Great Inventions. of China: the compass., gunpowder., paper making, and printing were among the most important technological advances, only known in Europe by the end of the Middle Ages.

Joseph Needham

(Under Ancient China) According to the Scottish researcher _____., the Chinese made many first-known discoveries and developments.

Ancient China

Major technological contributions from China include early seismological detectors, matches., paper., the double-action piston pump., cast iron., the iron plough., the multi-tube seed drill., the suspension bridge., natural gas. as fuel, the magnetic compass., the raised-relief map., the propeller., the crossbow., the south-pointing chariot., and gunpowder.. Other Chinese discoveries and inventions from the Medieval period, according to Joseph Needham's research, include: block printing. and movable type., phosphorescent paint, and the spinning wheel..

Roman Empire

• Roman technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices utilized and developed by the civilization of ancient Rome.

• was a technologically advanced civilization of antiquity.

• The technology developed by a civilization is limited by the available sources of energy,

• The main types of power accessed by the ancient Romans were human, animal, and water

The Middle Ages

far from being miserable and bloody, was a period of great invention and innovation., far from being miserable and bloody, was a period of great invention and innovation.

Kampilan

(Under Philippines) hilt is sometimes wrapped with rattan to improve the grip. The two holes on the crossguard are where the metal "staples" (C- or U-shaped) go, as additional protection for the wielder's hand.

Kontra-Gapi

(Under Philippines) A five-key bamboo version regularly used in performances by _____., a modern ethnic music ensemble from the Philippines

Panabas

(Undee Philippines) is a curved-blade weapon.

Middle Ages

The wheelbarrow was invented in the _____.

Switzerland and Germany

(Under Middle Ages) The Blast furnace first appeared in ______ and _____.

• Fire

• Agriculture

• Stone Age

• Bronze Age

• Iron Age

Five key words of Historical Antecedents of Science and Society

Fire

Discovered 1.5 million years ago, it didn’t just keep early humans alive, it ignited a chance for innovation like market of goods because from this (cooking food). This also became the way that the other 4 key words exist.

Agriculture

• Neolithic Revolution (10,000 years ago)

• Early humans applied observational science to seasonal cycles, soil quality, and plant grown. (Increases food)

• Property ownerships

Nomad

(Under agriculture) no permanent address.

Stone Age

Marks the earliest systematic used of materials for tools and weapons like for protecting themselves, hunting food, creating buildings, arc.

Bronze Age

The discovery that copper and thin combined to make ____ marked the first use of metallurgy.

Bronze Age

In this age, it is the birth of religion, records are written in stones in caves, alloy are stronger than the stone, a marking for technology, and started with armies like protection from people and animals.

Iron Age

This age is way more complex than bronze; innovation for tools in which it improved agriculture and welfare. This age marked a leap in industrial technology. Also the age of process of melting.