Muscular System Common Diseases and Disorders

Fasciitis

Inflammation of the fascia

Fibromyalgia

Chronic condition with fatigue, extreme weakness, and experiences muscle, joint, and bone pain. Wide range of other symptoms

Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendon caused by excessive use or an unusual use.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Disorder that affects many bodily systems, characterized by profound fatigue, extreme weakness, and pain in the muscles, joints, and bone.

Atonic

Lack of muscle tone

Dystonia

Abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle funtions

Hypotonia

Dimiishing of skeletal muscles. Limits passive movement.

Myasthenia Gravis

Chronic autoimmune disease. Affects neuromuscular junction. The place where the neuron activates the muscle to contract. Causes significant weakness of the voluntary muscles, especially muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Caused when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen. Carpal tunnel is a narrow passage through the bone in the inner side of the wrist area under the carpal, ligament. Nerves and tendons that bend the fingers move through this tunnel.

Sprain

Injury to a joint caused by wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint

IT band syndrome

The IT band (iliotibial band) runs from the hip bone across the leg of the tibia. ITBS is caused by overuse when the IT band rubs across the bone. Often occurs near the knee.

Shin Splints

Muscle tears away from the tibia or shin bone causing significant pain. Typically due to repeated stress on hard sufaces such as running/jumping.

Atrophy

Wearing away of the muscle fibers because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness. Occurs when the muscles are not used over a long period of time.

Myalgia

Muscle pain and tenderness

Myolysis

Degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

Polymyositis

Muscle disease with inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body. The affected muscles are typically those closest to the trunk or torso, and the resulting weakness can be severe.

Sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

Muscular dystrophy (general)

Refers to a group of over 30 genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Most common type of MD. Progresses rapidly in boys, by 12 patients are unable to walk and later they develop breathing difficulties and heart disease.

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)

Similar to DMD but less severe

Paralysis (general)

Loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to the nerves controlling the muscles. Two body systems involved in a system disorder

Myoparesis (Paralysis)

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness. Caused by a stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury

Hemiparesis (Paralysis)

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness occurring on only one side of the body. Caused by stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury.

Hemiplegia (Paralysis)

Total paralysis on one side of the body commonly caused by stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury.

Paraplegia (Paralysis)

Complete paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs typically caused by damage to the spinal cord.

Quadriplegia (Paralysis)

Complete paralysis of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body, Caused by spinal cord injury usually.

Compartment syndrome

Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating groups of muscles. Caused by trauma, tight bandages, tight casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression.

Overuse injuries

Tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

Overuse tendinitis

Inflammation of the tendons caused by overuse or unusual use of a joint.