Chapter 11 HHD communicable diseases

AIDS

AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by HIV, which damages and weakens the immune system. Transmitted: via the exchange of infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions and beast milk.

Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people when bitten by an infected female mosquito.

TB (tuberculosis)

TB is a highly contagious disease caused by bacteria that primarily affects the lungs. Transmission: it can spread when an infected person coughs/sneezes into the air.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTD’S)

NTD’S are a group of 20 diseases and conditions that mainly occur in tropical and subtropical environments, and receive limited funding for research, prevention and control. Transmission: infectious vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks and fleas, contaminated water and contact with infected animals. Causes: it can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and toxins.

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection. There are 5 types: A,B,C,D. Transmission: A+E: contaminated food/water, B+C: mainly blood; unsafe injections/medical procedures, B: can pass from mother to babies at birth, D- contact with infected blood; only occurs when infected with hep B.