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Fishes a paraphyletic group
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii
Subphylum vertebrate
vertebrae, cephalization
Gnathostomata (agnatha)
The jaw-bearing
Teleostomi (chondrichtheys)
Endochondral bone
Choanata (Actinopterygii)
Breathing nose, lungs
Tetrapoda (sarcopterygii)
girdles and limbs
amniota (class amphibia)
amniotic egg
bony fish
actinopterygii
sarcopterygii
Osteichthyes
a paraphyletic group
actinopterygii
sarcopterygii
Agnatha
jawless fishes
condrichthyes
cartilaginous fishes
actinopterygii
ray-finned fishes
sarcopterygii
lobe-finned fishes
Teleosts
modern day ray finfishes
teleostome
endochondral bone + lungs or gas bladder
what causes the metaplural fold in agnatha (lamprey/hagfish)
sonic hedgehog
placodermi
an extinct class of armored fish characterized by bony plates and jaws.
Placo
plate
dermi
concerning the skin
Holocephali
a class of cartilaginous fish that includes chimeras and is characterized by a single gill opening and a fused upper jaw.
chondrostei
close to chondrytheys, thought to have reversed its skeleton back to its cartilagenous form
Teleost swim bladder
an air-filled organ that helps bony fish maintain buoyancy and stability in the water. (gas bladder)
rete mirabile
any capillary bed that allows some solute to become super saturated
Coelacanth
is a more ancient group sarcopterygii fish known for its fleshy lobed pectoral and pelvic fins
Lungfish
more early tetrapod fish with lungs
Tetrapods are
a derived group of sarcopterygii
