Unit 16: Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the state in which there are no classes.

Karl Marx

founder of modern communism

Prolitariat

refers to members of the poor working class

means of production

the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth

John Stuart Mill

Champion of liberty over unlimited state control

Utilitarianism

idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

entrepreneur

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

Jeremy Bentham

British philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism

Socialism

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

improved road construction

John McAdams

improved the steam engine

James Watt

sow seeds in spaced rows at predetermined depths

Seed Drill

developed steam locomotive / railroad line

George Stephenson

combined spinning jenny and water frame

spinning mule

goods made by hand and homes

cottage industry

breed only best stock \= healthier and larger livestock herds

Selective Breeding

developed the steamboat

Robert Fulton

Overcrowded apartments with close quarters and unsanitary living conditions

tenements

people move from farms to cities

urbanization

workers organization

labor unions

steam engine

The most efficient power source of the first industrial revolution and led to the development of the railroad

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Crop rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

Coal

The most abundant natural resource found in great Britain at the beginning of the industrial revolution

Power loom

a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side with the spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright, it sped up the production of textiles

industrialization

the process of changing from doing work by hand to working with power-driven machinery

Agricultural Revolution

A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically.

Textiles

first industry of industrial revolution focused on the production of cotton cloth

standard of living

level of material comfort experienced by a group of people

enclosure movement

the combining of many small farms by wealthy land owners by the fencing off of lands

cottage industry

a craft occupation performed at home

Industrial Revolution

the time period when power-driven machinery was developed

mass production

the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

factory

a building that housed machine-driven industry

factors of production

the essential elements that a nation needs for economic success