Introduction to Earth Science

These flashcards cover essential concepts of Earth science discussed in the lecture, including geology, meteorology, environmental science, natural resources, and the scientific method.

What is the primary focus of the course discussed in the lecture?

The course focuses on physical science, particularly the physical aspects of Earth, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy.

What does geology study?

Geology studies the solid portion of the Earth, including rocks, minerals, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

What is meteorology concerned with?

Meteorology deals with the atmosphere, focusing on climate and weather.

Define hydrology.

Hydrology is the study of the movements of water in streams, groundwater, and aquifers.

What is the definition of the term 'environment'?

The environment includes all surroundings that affect an organism, such as air, water, soil, and other living organisms.

What distinguishes environmental science from the study of the environment?

Environmental science focuses on how organisms, especially humans, affect their environment.

What are considered natural resources?

Natural resources are materials obtained from the Earth that can be used to create economic value, such as oil, water, and lithium.

What is the phrase used to remember renewable resources?

If it grows, it blows, or it flows.

What are the two main sources of energy for Earth?

The Sun (external energy) and the molten core of the Earth (internal energy).

What is carrying capacity?

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.

What does the scientific method begin with?

The scientific method begins with a hypothesis, which is an educated guess based on observations.

What is the nebular theory?

The nebular theory suggests that the solar system, including Earth, formed from a cloud of dust and gas.

What is the lithosphere?

The lithosphere consists of the Earth's crust and the upper portion of the mantle and is characterized by being cool and rigid.

What causes the Earth's magnetic field?

The movement of molten iron in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field.

What is the role of peer review in the scientific process?

Peer review involves other scientists evaluating the research, tests, and conclusions before publication to ensure accuracy and reliability.

What is a paradigm shift in scientific theory?

A paradigm shift is a significant change in the fundamental concepts of a scientific discipline, such as the theory of evolution in biology or plate tectonics in Earth science.

Define the term 'biosphere'.

The biosphere encompasses all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with each other and the physical environment.

What is acid precipitation?

Acid precipitation refers to rain, snow, or dust that contains acidic components, often resulting from pollution.

What does it mean to say that Earth is a closed system?

It means that while energy can enter and leave the Earth, matter is generally not exchanged with outer space, except in minor amounts.