Animal Science 21 Lesson 1 part 2 and lesson 2 part 1

This refers to a community of living and non-living components and their environment interacting to form a system.

Ecosystem

These are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

Biotic Factors

These are the non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, water, temperature, soil, and air

Abiotic Factors

Tundras and taigas belong to this type of ecosystem

Terrestrial

Lakes, rivers, and ponds belong to this type of ecosystem

Freshwater

Mangroves and swamps belong to this type of ecosystem

Brackish/Estuarine

Seagrass, Coral reefs, and coastal marine wetlands belong to this type of ecosystem

Saltwater/Marine

Caves belong to this type of ecosystem

Special Ecosystems

Livestock and poultry animals are found in this type of ecosystem

Farm Ecosystem

These factors influence how an ecosystem is formed

External Factors

These factors control how the ecosystem function

Internal Factors

In ecosystems, these serve as producers

Plants

In ecosystems, these serve as consumers

Animals

Term for organisms that produce their own food aside from producers

Autotrophs

Term for organisms who consume other organisms for food aside from consumers?

Heterotrophs

A form of heterotroph that only consumes plants

Herbivore

A form of heterotroph that only consumes meat

Carnivore

A form of heterotroph that eats both plants and meat

Omnivore

True/False

In crop production, the entirety of the biomass is suitable for human consumption

False

What percentage of the harvested rice biomass is edible grains?

About half

This refers to the remaining biomass of harvested rice that can only be consumed by ruminants

Cellulosic Straws

Ruminants convert biomass into what?

Milk and Meat

Which is of lower quality, plant protein or animal protein?

Plant Protein

Purposes of livestock

Source of income, generator of employment, source of energy, source of fertilizer and soil conditioner, weed control, recyclables, utilization of marginal lands and crop residues

Chicken scientific name

Gallus gallus domesticus

Mallard Duck scientific name

Anas platyrhynchos

Muscovy Duck scientific name

Cairina moschata

Goose scientific name

Anser domesticus

Turkey scientific name

Meleagris gallopavo

Pigeon scientific name

Columbia livia

Quail scientific name

Coturnix coturnix

Guinea Fowl scientific name

Numida meleagris

Horse scientific name

Equus caballos

A s s scientific name

Equus asinus

Mule parent combination

Male as.s and mare

Camel scientific name

Camelus dromedarius

Humped cattle scientific name

Bos indicus

Non-humped Cattle scientific name

Bos taurus

Buffalo scientific name

Bubalus bubalis L.

Sheep scientific name

Ovis aries

Goat scientific name

Capra hircus

Pig scientific name

Sus scrofa domesticus

Rabbit scientific name

Oryctolagus cuniculus

What animal manure is commonly used for ruminant feeding?

Poultry Manure

In fish farms, poultry and pig manure are used to generate this source of food for tilapia

Algae

Industrial fish waste is converted into what?

Fish Meal

This is the natural process where nutrients move between living organisms and the non-living environment, such as soil, water, and air, allowing them to be reused in an ecosystem.

Nutrient Cycling

These are activities in producing animals and their products of benefits

Animal Industry

An area of the animal industry that produces animals for food

Animal Production

An area of the animal industry that provides inputs needed to produce animals

Animal Supplies

An area of the animal industry that provides the technical and professional assistance needed with animals

Animal Services

An area of the animal industry that has activities that link the producer with the consumer

Animal Marketing

An area of the animal industry that prepares animals or their products for consumption

Animal Products

What is the fastest growing agricultural subsector?

Livestock and Poultry

Livestock and poultry account for how much of global agricultural production value

40%

Livestock and poultry account for how much of total food energy?

13%

Livestock and poultry provides how much of dietary protein via meat, milk, and eggs?

28%

Filipino diet heavily relies on this animal-based product

Meat

Filipinos primarily consume what animals?

Hogs and Chickens

Production challenges most problematic to the livestock and poultry sectors in the Philippines?

Disruptions and Animal Diseases

Most consumed animal in the Philippines

Chicken

Type of chicken with the lowest farmgate price per kilo

Layer Chickens

What caused farms to have consistent production volumes over the past decade?

Stable chicken populations

ASF Meaning

African Swine Fever

This disease outbreak mostly affected Luzon and Mindanao which resulted to the lowest hog slaughter figures recorded in 2021

African Swine Fever

Other name for Avian Influenza

Bird Flu

This outbreak occurred in 2021 which resulted into the culling of millions of birds

Avian Influenza/Bird Flu

What could reduce outbreak risks of ASF?

Vaccines

“physis” means what?

nature or origin

“logia” means what?

study

This refers to the science that studies the function of the living organism and its parts, the physical and chemical factors and processes involved.

Physiology

This is the study of life, specifically how cells, tissues, and organisms function

Physiology

This explains the physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the origin, development, and progression of life

Physiology

This will provide knowledge on the structure and function of the body and therefore, the care of the body

Physiology

“homos” means what?

Equal

“istemi” means what?

To stand

This regulates the internal environment as to maintain a stable, constant condition

Homeostasis

Who coined the term homeostasis?

Walter Bradford Cannon

He is the father of modern experimental physiology

Claude Bernard

These mechanisms make homeostasis possible

Dynamic Equilibrium Adjustment and Regulation

This refers to the maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment

Homeostasis

This system provides the oxygen required for the metabolic activities of the cells

Respiratory System

This system provides the nutrients that the body needs

Digestive System

These systems perform the control, coordination, and integration of the functions of other organ systems

Nervous and Endocrine Systems

This systems circulates the blood that carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and other metabolites required by the cells as well as metabolic wastes produced by the cells for proper disposal by the excretory organs

Circulatory System

This system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes

Circulatory System

This system exchanges gases between the body and the environment

Respiratory System

This system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates wastes

Digestive System

This system controls and coordinated body functions and responses

Nervous System

This system produces hormones that regulate body processes

Endocrine System

This system allows for movement and maintains posture

Muscular System

This system provides structure, support, and protection

Skeletal System

This system includes skin, hair, and nails protecting the body

Integumentary System

This system defends against infection and contains fluid balance

Lymphatic/Immune System

This system removes waste from the body and regulates water balance

Urinary System

This system allows for the production of offspring

Reproductive System

Recognized areas/subdivisions in physiology based on systems

Cell Physiology, Neurophysiology, Gastrointestinal Physiology, Cardiovascular Physiology, Renal Physiology, Metabolic Physiology, Respiratory or Pulmonary Physiology, Endocrine Physiology, and Reproductive Physiology

Recognized areas/subdivisions in physiology based on level of biological organization

Cell Physiology and Organismal Physiology

Recognized areas/subdivisions in physiology based on general areas

Applied Physiology, Comparative Physiology, Pathophysiology, Medical Physiology, Mammalian Physiology

This refers to the adjustment of an animal’s response to changes in the environment and the complex linking of the various processes in the body

Co-ordinationNervous and Endocrine Syste