Type Ch 6

Who is William Morris?

The founder of the Arts & Crafts Movement, designed fonts Golden, Chaucer and Troy, and home furnishings, wallpaper and fabrics.

Kelmscott Press

Printed large editions of historical texts is a style reminiscent of Gothic book design.

Paul Renner

Designed the font Futura

Significance of the Linotype machine?

Increased speed of typesetting tenfold, typesetters used keyboard to set type

Linotype

Used keyboard to line up matrices then cast one line at a time.

What is Hot Type?

Uses heat to cast the letters from metal.

Rudolf Koch

Designed the fonts Neuland and Kabel

Eric Gill

Stone carver who designed the font Gill Sans, Johanna, and Bunyan.

Frederic Goudy

Founder of the Village Press and designer of over 122 fonts

Aldo Novarese

Designed the fonts Fenice, Microgamma and Eurostile.

Stanley Morrison

Worked to design the font Times New Roman for The Times newspaper of London.

Times New Roman

Has a large eye on e and condensed letters.

What is an ampersand?

The and sign

Victorian Art

Design developed in late 1800's, type is known for lavish ornamentation, decorative curlicues and natural elements.

Arts & Crafts Movement

Founded by William Morris as reaction against the shoddy product design and materials used in industrial revolution.

Art Nouveau

Art movement: glorified female beauty & natural ornamentation with symmetry. Fonts had sinewy, graceful curving structure.

Art Deco

High contrast, symmetrical, geometric forms in black and white.

Bauhaus

Reaction to unnecessary Victorian decoration. Desired minimalism, streamlined design to mass market.

Bauhaus School

German art school "form follows function" "less is more"; reaction against the overly ornate art Nouveau styles.

Herbert Bayer

Created the font Universal, tried to fuse upper and lowercase letters into one.

Dada type designers

Different sizes of lead type on the press bed at varying angles, with no intent to spell or communicate.

Dada

Zurich, Switzerland based art movement (post WWI) thought art was dead, everything was art, challenged notion of beauty as a part of art.

DeStijl

Artform in the Netherlands, geometric based art rooted in right angles, rectangles, grid lines, etc.

Bauhaus Philosophy

Less is More, Form Follows Function.

Theo van Doesburg

Created an Alphabet in DeStijl style, omitted curves and angles in the letters.

Constructivism

Russian art form after the Bolshevik Revolution: art for the people as posters and magazines; shapes & type on diagonals.

What is Cold Type?

Type created using negatives, lenses for enlargement and photosensitive paper.

Psychedelic Art

Tries to replicate the effects of mind-altering drugs.

Herb Lubalin

Designer of Mother & Child logo; designed Avant Garde font; able to illustrate with type.

Seymour Chwast

Illustrator designed fonts Artone, Blimp, Filmsense, Myopic with aesthetics of the '60s.

Hermann Zapf

Accomplished calligrapher, designed from original sources: Palatino, Melior & Optima.

Ed Benguiat

Designed over 500 fonts including Panache, Souvenir, Barcelona, and Korinna.

ITC International Typeface Corporation

Redesigned classic fonts with higher x-height for better readability.

Post-Modernism

Combination or pastiche of elements from prior art movements to create a new style in one font.

An Alphabet designed by Theo vanDoesburg, DeStijl aesthetic

Art Deco font with high contrast geometric shapes.

Art Deco frames that utilize geometric shapes

Art Nouveau natural motifs.

Art Nouveau type and ornamentation

Art Nouveau initial capitals with flowing naturalistic forms.

Constructivist layout

Constructivist layout showing the use of geometric forms and angled type.

Dada Type that was placed randomly on the pressbed to make nonsense and printed.

DeStijl layout using rectangular and square forms

Frederic Goudy's Village Press colophon

William Morris' Kelmscott Press colophon

Kelmscott book

Golden typeface by William Morris.

Linotype machine created by Otto Mergenthaler 1886

Page showing Morris' home from a Kelmscott publication.

Optical Character Recognition or OCR Type

Typesetting a daily newspaper by hand.

Universal Type by Herbert Bayer

Univers family by Adrianne Frutiger

Psychedelic Type by Wes Wilson

Herb Lubalin

Seymour Chwast 60's fonts

Postmodern font

Neuland by Rudolf Koch

Times New Roman Stanley Morrison

Helvetica

Gill Sans

Colophon

Printer's mark, number and paper listed at end of limited edition books.

Tittle

Dot on lowercase i or j.

Rudolf Koch

Designed Neuland & Kabel

Looked Medieval

Kelmscott Books

William Morris fonts

Troy, Golden and Chaucer

Art Nouveau

Decorative art, popular in 1880s - 1930s. Characterized by flowing lines, vines and flowers.

Victorian Style

Named after and based on the tastes of Queen Victoria

Slug

Name given to a last line of lead type

Colophon

Name for the lines giving the edition of book and the printer's mark

Printing in Europe was invented by

Johann Gutenberg

Year printing in Europe started

1450

PLace in Europe where printing started

Mainz, Germany

Point Size is measured from

Ascender Line to Descender Line

Otto Mergenthaler

Created Linotype machine 1886

Linotype Machine

Allowed casting of a line of type as one piece; used typewriter keyboard.

Was the first Type Founder; cast type for printers to purchase

Claude Garamond

Minimalism

Art Moment of the 1970s; fabricators created industrial simple pieces

Years of the Civil Wat

1861-1865

Years of WW I

1914-1918

Years of US involvement in WW II

1941- 1945

Year the Linotype Machine was invented

1886

Why Otto Merganthaler won a lot of money

Reward by NYC newspapers for anyone who could reduce time of hand type composition

Family of type designed with numbers rather than Bold & Italic

Univers

Designer of the first Helvetica

Max Meidinger

Edward Johnston

Who Eric Gill stole the design of Gill Sans from