Andrology pq's | Quizlet

Inappropriate freezing procedure may kill spermatozoa due to

a. Highly concentrated intercellular solutions effect

b. All above answers are correct c. Intracellular ice crystal formation

d. Cold shock in temperatures above zero

- Intracellular ice crystal formation

- Highly concentrated intracellular solutions effect

- Cold shock in temperature above zero

- so all are correct

What is the most accurate method to determine genomic polymorphism?

A: microsatellites

B: DNA testing

C: SNPs - short nucleotide polymorphism testing

SNPs (short nucleotide polymorphism) testing

Os penis is

a. bone in cats and dogs, but different origin

b. bone only in dogs

c. pathology similar to osteosarcoma

A bone seen in cats and dogs, but of different origin??

Aspermia is

a. Transparent colour of ejaculate

b. Absence of spermatozoa in ejaculate

c. Absence of ejaculat

Absence of ejaculate

One of the symptoms of testitis is

a. high pH of ejaculate

b. presence of calculi in urine

c. low pH of ejaculat

Low pH of ejaculate

An extender is

a. Substance which allows semen to be chilled and transported for insemination, prolonging vitality of spermatozoa and preserving motility

b. Substance which slows down motility of spermatozoa, used during ICSI, prolonging time of in vitro performance of spermatozoa

c. Substance in which glycerol is main ingredient, which is used for equilibration in slow freezing procedures

A substance that allows semen to be chilled and transported for insemination, prolonging vitality of spermatozoa and preserving motility

One of criteria for selecting different methods of sperm selection are: Select one

a) Libido and mating behavior of male

b) Relationship between motile and nonmotile sperm in the ejaculate

c) Low genetical potential of female

b) Relationship between motile and nonmotile sperm in the ejaculate

Phimosis is

A: deviation of epididymis

B: congenital abnormality of prostatic gland

C: stenosis of the preputial orifice

Stenosis of the preputial orifice

Macroscopic features of seen sample are

a. Motility, morphology, concentration

b. Colour, smell, volume, viscosity, pH

c. Volume, concentration, pH

Color, smell, volume, viscosity, pH

Testing for Taylorella equigenitalis is performed in

A: stallion

B: buck

C: bull

- stallions

For a bulls sample to be considered suitable for freezing and used for intrauterine insemination, the sample should contain at least

a. 70% of spermatozoa motile, progressive

b. 50% of spermatozoa motile, progressive

c. 70% of spermatozoa motile (total motility)

- 70% of spermatozoa motile, progressive

For bulls sample of semen to be considered suitable for freezing and used for intrauterine insemination, sample should contain:

a) At least 50% of motile spermatozoa, and no more than 70% of teratozoospermic index.

b) At least 70% of motile spermatozoa, and no more than 90% of teratozoospermic index.

c) At least 70% of motile spermatozoa, and no more than 30% of teratozoospermic index.

d) At least 70% of motile spermatozoa, and no more than 50% of teratozoospermic index.

c) At least 70% of motile spermatozoa, and no more than 30% of teratozoospermic index.

Vitrification is a method commonly used for

A: cryopreservation of embryos and oocytes

B: cryopreservation of ovaries and testis

C: cryopreservation of sperm cells

Cryopreservation of embryos and oocytes

Progestogens might be used in

a. BPH treatment

b. Restricting abnormal sexual behaviour

c. Both answers are correct

- BPH treatment

- reducing abnormal sexual behaviour

- so both

BPH cannot be treated with:

a. GnRH analogues

b. Testosterone

c. Castration

b. testosterone

L5 libido evaluation means

a. Good performance in every 5 days

b. Very high sex drive

c. Low sex drive

- very high sex drive

Indicate which sexual accessory gland are present in bulls

a. Vesicular gland (seminal vesicles), Bulbourethral gland, coagulating glands

b. Prostatic gland, Vesicular gland (seminal vesicles), Bulbourethral gland

c. Bulbourethral gland, Prostatic gland, coagulating glands

Prostate gland, vesicular gland (seminal vesicles), bulbourethral gland

The main problem with AI effectiveness in cows is

a. Low vitality of sperm after cryopreservation

b. Cow estrus determination

c. Difficult access to the uterus of heifer

- cow estrus with AI effectiveness

The main advantage/s of AI is/are: Select one or more

a) Allows control spread of diseases b) Very effective in the case of oligo, terato and asthenozoospermia

c) Widespread use and availability of genetically superiorsire

a) Allows control spread of diseases

c) Widespread use and availability of genetically superiorsires

Extenders for liquid semen contain several components designed for enhancing sperm survival. Indicate the component not used for this purpose

a. Glucose

b. Glycerol

c.Egg yolk

- Glycerol

- Used: Glucose + egg yolk

Physiological volume of the dogs semen sample is

a. 1-8 ml

b. 25ml

c. Up to 1 ml

- 1-8ml (on presentation it says 2-20mls)

Typical insemination french straw contains approx. 0,25 ml of freezing solution indicate typical volume of sample vitrified using micro volumetric (minimal sample size) vitrification method

a. 5ul

b. 50ul

c. >1ul

- >1 ul

Choose the proper sequence of IVP

A: 1. OPU, 2. IVM, 3. IVF, 4. IVC, 5.ET

B: 1. OPU, 2. IVC, 3. IVF, 4. IVM, 5.ET

- 1. OPU → 2. IVM → 3. IVF → 4. IVC → 5. ET

The correct order of procedures for IVP of cattle embryos includes:

a) IVC, IVM, IVF

b) IVM, IVF, IVC

c) IVF, ICV, IVM

d) IVM, IVC, IVF

b) IVM, IVF, IVC

Neoplastic tumor of testis that is hormonally active (in dogs)

A: leydigoma

B: sertolioma

C: transmissible venereal tumour

- Sertolioma

- Not hormonally active : Leydigoma + transmissible venereal tumor

How are we NOT handling frozen bull semen just before the insemination of cows? Select one:

a) 0.25 ml straws put into a 35 degree incubator for Seconds

b) 0.5 ml straws put into the 60 degree incubator for 30 minutes

c) Temperature from -32 to -112 often found in the upper parts of liquid nitrogen tank can negatively affect the quality of semen

d) 0.5 ml straws put into the 35 C incubator for 12 seconds

b) 0.5 ml straws put into the 60 degree incubator for 30 minutes

Choose proper sertoli cell description

a. somatic cells which main function is testosterone production

b. somatic cells essential for testis formation and spermatogenesis

c. stem cells responsible for spermatozoa generation

- Somatic cells essential for testis formation and spermatogenesis

PH cannot be treated with

a. GnRH analogues

b. Testosterone

c. Castration

- Testosterone

- Does treat: androgen-receptor blocker

Society (IETS) statistics, how many bovine embryos are produced (in vitro and in vivo) every year?

a. about 1.5 mln

b. 0.5 mln

c. about 200,000

- about 1.5 mln

Testosterone in males is

a. regulating the sertoli cell function

b. not affecting spermatogenesis c. not affecting sperm maturation

- Regulating the sertoli cell function

Which type of semen is commonly used in typical artificial insemination in sows?

a. Vitrified semen

b. Frozen semen

c. Chilled semen

- chilled semen

In which species is the sigmoid flexure present?

a. Dog

b. Boar

c. Stallion

- boar

Which species has preputial diverticulum?

a. cat

b. boar

c. stallion

- boar

Paraphimosis is

a. Deviation of os penis

b. Inability of the penis to be retracted to the prepuce

c. Stenosis of the preputial orifice

The inability of the penis to be retracted to the prepuce

Frozen semen bitch insemination should be deposited in

a. Cervix uteri

b. Vagina

c. Uterine horn

- cervix uteri

-chilled and frozen can go into the cervix. -chilled and fresh into the vagina

Nowadays, the most efficient and typically used method of bovine embryo transfer (ET) is performed by means of

a. Through a wall of abdomen using laparoscopic equipment

b. Nonsurgical method, under manual per rectum control of the uterus

c. Non surgical method under ultrasonographic control of ovary and oviduct

- non-surgical method, under manual per rectum control of the uterus

Expected progeny differences (EPD)

A: may be directly compared only between animals of the different breed

B: is calculated for stillbirth, high incidence of diseases, maternal, and carcass

C: provides estimates of the genetic value of an animal as a parent

Provides estimates of the genetic value of an animal as a parent

Which of the following canine sperm fractions contains the most spermatozoa?

a. I

b. II

c. III

- II

Which of these candidate genes plays a crucial role in pic fertility and reproduction?

a. CD13

b. ECM2

c. ESR

d. SRY

- ESR

If a cow has heat symptoms in the morning, the best time for insemination is

a. In the evening of the same day b. Next week

c. Next morning

- In the evening of the same day

During vitrification procedure

a. higher conc. Of cryoprotectants are used than in slow freezing method

b. the same conc. Of cryoprotectants are used as in the slow freezing method

c. lower concentration of cryoprotectants used than in slow freezing method

- Higher concentration of cryoprotectants is used than in slow freezing method

Which hormone through negative feedback reduces testosterone concentration?

a. Dihydrotestosterone

b. Inhibin

c. Androstendion

- inhibin

Dogs testes should be present in scrotum

a. Just after birth or up to 6 weeks after birth

b. After 6 months

c. In 2 years after birth

- Just after birth or up to 6 weeks after birth (should be descended after 10 days)

In order to allow a boar to breed, a serological test must be negative for

a. Glanders

b. CEM

c. Brucellosis

- brucellosis

samples for CEM testing are not taken from:

a. Inner layer of preputial fold

b. Urethral process

c. Skin of scrotum

- skin of scrotum

Which species have the highest concentration of sperm in ejaculate? (and smallest volume)

a. Bull

b. Ram

c. Boar

d. stallion

- ram

Indicate therapeutic procedures in cryptorchidism cases in dogs

a. Use of GnRH analogues

b. Use of progestogens

c. Total castration

- total castration

During a typical 6th day embryo transfer, what is transferred into the recipient?

A: sperm of enhanced motility and oocytes, mixed

B: zygotes

C: blastocysts

- blastocysts

Long term action GnRH analogues is recommended (in dogs) to

a. Epilepsy Treatment

b. Pharmacological Castration

c. Thyroid gland insufficiency treatment

- pharmacological castration

Impotentia generandi is

a. Lack of sexual desire

b. Male behaviour after castration

c. Fertilisation failure with normal sexual behaviour

- fertilization failure with normal sexual behaviour

electroejaculation is:

a. A method that allows obtaining sexed semen

b. A method that allows to obtain higher volume of semen in cats c. The most popular method of obtaining semen, because it guarantees a germ-free sample

- A method that allows to obtain higher volume of semen in cats

- Almost an universal method that allows to obtain semen, but of lesser quality than other methods

Indicate the best simple diagnostic method for BPH diagnosis

A: semen analysis

B: rectal palpation

C: USG

- USG

Teratozoospermia is

a. high percentage of immobile sperm cells in ejaculate

b. high percentage of abnormal sperm cells in ejaculate

c. high percentage of somatic cells in ejaculate

- High percentage of abnormal sperm cells in ejaculate

Should be under 30%

One of the typical symptoms of BPH in male dogs is

A: vomiting

B: flank alopecia

C: bloody spotting not during miction

- bloody spotting (not during miction)

For the preparation of a sample used for fresh semen insemination, the most common method used for processing samples of good quality is

- simple sperm washing

Treatment of BPH involves administration of

a) Androgen receptor blockers

b) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

c) Aglepristone

d) Prostaglandin

- androgen receptor blocker

Most frequent type of neoplasia in cryptorchid testicles is

a) Seminoma

b) Embryonic cancer

c) Chromocytoma

d) Mast cell tumor

- seminoma

Which enzyme converts testosterone to its active form?

a) Aromatase

b) Arginine kinase

c) Metalloproteinase 3

d) Alpha reductase

- alpha reductase

The physiological norm for total sperm cell count in canine semen is

a) Million

b) 200 mln

c) >300 mln

d) <300mln

- >300 mln

How often should a canine stud be examined?

- once a year

Which of the following can be used to obtain a semen sample from a feline stud?

a) Proprionylopromazine

b) Ketamine

c) Medetomidine

d) Butorphanol

- medetomidine

- medetomidine > ketamine

Which technique should be applied when inseminating with frozen semen in bitches?

- intracervical and intravaginal

A common symptom of BPH is

a) Perianal pruritus

b) Left hindlimb limping

c) Diarrhea

d) Blood dripping from urethra: outside urination

Blood dripping from urethra outside urination

what is an advantage of traditional AI?

- Genetic improvement

- Allows control of spread of diseases

- Widespread use and availability of genetically superior sires

- Predetermined price of insemination doses enabling economic control of fertilization programs

- Ease of intra- and international transportation of genetic material obtained from carefully selected males, bearing desired genetic traits

- Epizootic control and safety of herd due to strict health and antibody screening of males at biotechnology centers

What is an advantage of traditional AI?

a) Genetic improvement

b) Estrus detection easiness

c) Fertility treatment for kryptozoospermic males

d) Control over sex of offspring

a) Genetic improvement

testosterone in males is:

a. regulating the sertoli cell function

b. not affecting spermatogenesis c. not affecting sperm maturation

- regulating sertoli cells function

What is the proper order of sexual reflexes in dogs?

1. mounting of the female → 2. insert penis into vagina → 3. full erection of penis → 4. frictional movements → 5. ejaculation

The effectiveness of a sperm selection technique is usually determined by the method used

a) Simple washing is useful for samples with higher concentration of round cells.

b) Simple washing ensures 100% effectiveness in removing infectious agents

c) Density gradients are usually favorable due to higher number of fully motile recovered sperm

d) Swim-up gives better results in case of asthenozoospermia

- Density gradients are usually favorable due to higher number of fully motile recovered sperm

The criteria for selecting different methods of sperm selection are

a) Volume of 3 rd fraction

b) Low genetical potential of female

c) Motile and nonmotile sperm numbers in ejaculate

d) Libido and mating behavior of male

c) Motile and nonmotile sperm numbers in ejaculate

One of the most important reproductive aspects of MOET is

a) Embryo transfer allows to transfer more than one embryo to one female b) Only females that had no problems to become pregnant by AI are submitted to MOET program

c) Candidate donors are subjected to less strict clinical and reproductive examination than cows

d) Basic requirements are the regularity of estrus cycles and the pregnancy rates obtained after AI

d. Basic requirements are the regularity of estrus cycles and the pregnancy rates obtained after AI

Choose a false sentence → application / indication for ICSI in livestock

a) It is a method of choice to obtain monospermic zygotes if IVF fails to produce fertilized oocytes

b) Allows to create cross-species hybrids.

c) Epididymal sperms can be collected and used via ICSI if genetically superior male dies

d) Conservation of endangered species

-b. Allows to create cross species hybrids

- Correct sentence: epididymal sperms can be collected and used via ICSI if a genetically superior male dies

Application/indications for ICSI in Livestock: Select one

a) It is a method of choice to obtain monospermic zygotes if IVF fails to produce fertilized oocytes

b) Epididymal sperms can be collected and used via ICSI if a genetically superior male dies

c) Conservation of endangered species

b) Epididymal sperms can be collected and used via ICSI if a genetically superior male dies

According to EU regulations, “breeding animals” are

- pig hybrids

According to EU regulations, local breeds

a) Should be transferred outside EU. b) Will probably disappear due to demand for increase of production

c) Are forbidden to be kept

d) Should be maintained, along with their biodiversity

- Should be maintained along with their biodiversity

Where from semen can be imported into the EU?

a) From any subject collecting semen

b) From subject registered by EU, from country allowed for semen import

c) From other EU member state

d) Only from USA

- From subject registering by EU, from country allowed for semen import

EU can perform control procedures outside EU in subjects

a) Producing germinal products in third country

b) Producing germinal products inside EU

c) Exporting germinal products from EU

d) Importing germinal products into EU

c. importing germinal products into EU

Animal breeding regulation was established in

a) 1913

b) 1990

c) 2021

d) 2016

- 2016

Best timing for cows AI with frozen semen?

- 12h after estrus detection

How often should observations for estrus be carried out to optimize the effect of AI in cattle?

a) 2x weekly

b) 2x daily

c) 1x weekly

d) 1x daily

b) 2x daily

What might cause erectile dysfunction in a dog?

- Psychological reasons

- Pain

- Androgen efficiency

Normal sperm concentration in a dog is

- 300-900x 10 ^6 sperm cells / ml

AI is mostly used in?

- pigs

disadvantage of AI

- limited time of using semen

Superovulation (SOV) treatment of females of cattle, sheep, rabbits may be achieved using FSH or PMSG (eCG) injections. Recently, FSH is predominantly used in this purpose because of

- Shorter activity (half life), thus lower risk of post-ovulation oviduct environment disturbance

Explain the role of antibiotic supplementation to semen extenders → what is correct?

- Despite due protocols ejaculate may become contaminated during collection by urine, abdomen dirt, airborne bacteria, etc. So antibiotics prevent proliferation of microorganisms introduced accidentally

In morphological evaluation of sperm, which defects are considered to be the most severe?

- head defects

Which disease is tested in bulls before reproductive use?

- campylobacteriosis

Best diagnostic method used in evaluation of boar reproduction

- clinical exam

which level of libido is preferred in bulls?

4

A copy of the certificate shall be kept for as long as possible on AI of cattle

- at least 5 years

An insemination dose of chilled bull semen should contain

- 3 doses

Do you think the EU recommendation in the composition of diluents for storage semen freezing?

- the use of natural additives of animal origin is allowed

Technique of various types of penetration

- embryo transfer

One dose of frozen bull semen should contain a layer of sperm sufficient to fertilize the female, it is assumed that it is

- 15-20 mins

Progressive movement of sperm is assessed during the movement in the semen

- at each stage of production

Select the group of drugs used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

- androgenic blockers

The term contamination refers to

- contamination after collection as no micro-organisms present at normal ejaculation. Contamination can occur via prepuce and foreskin during collection and also potential of contamination in lab so antibiotics can be added to extender

who can perform AI?

- vet

goats - best day for AI

- when mucus is cloudy

- ovulates 12-15h after heat starts

how long can we keep semen in arabians