AP 1 Unit 2: Cell Structure, Function, Growth and Development

Which of the following is NOT a main cellular structure?

a. Plasma Membrane
b. Interstitial Fluid
c. Cytoplasm (including organelles)
d. Nucleus

b. Interstitial Fluid

All of the following are examples of the plasma membrane function EXCEPT

a. Boundary of cell
b. Self-identification
c. Receptor sites
d. "Power plants" of cell

d. "Power plants" of cell

Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?

a. Provision of ATP
b. Protein synthesis
c. DNA replication
d. Binding the site for steroid hormones

b. Protein synthesis

Production of ATP occurs within which organelle?

Mitochondria

Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation if the function of which of the following organelles?

a. Golgi apparatus
b. Microvilli
c. Peroxisomes
d. Mitochondria

a. Golgi apparatus

In nondividing cells, DNA appears as threads that are referred to as...

Chromatin

The nucleolus is composed chiefly of...

rRNA

True or false: The plasma membrane can be described as a triple layer of phospholipid molecules.

False

True or false: The process by which cells translate the signal received by a membrane receptor into a specific chemical change in the cell is called signal temperature.

True

True or false: Each and every cell always has on nucleus.

False

True or false: Generally, the more active a cell is, the more mitochondria it will contain.

True

True or false: Membranous bags that temporarily contain molecules for transport or later use are called peroxisomes.

False

forms ribosomes

Nucleolus

separates the cell from its environment

Plasma membrane

acts as the cell's "digestive system"

Lysosome

acts as a "protein factory"

Ribosome

contains organelles

Cytoplasm

contains DNA

Nucleus

acts as the "power plant" of the cell

Mitochondria

classified as both rough and smooth

Endoplasmic Reticulum

is the cell's internal supporting framework

Cytoskeleton

are the smallest cell fibers

Microfilaments

thickest of the cell fibers are tiny, hollow tubes called

Microtubes

is the area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell

Centrosome

are the cell extensions that appear on certain types of cells

Microvilli, Cilia, and Flagella

When membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes connect to others, the formation is also known as

Gap junctions

holds skin together

Desmosomes

Brian is a sedentary, overweight cigarette smoker who has chest pain whenever he exerts himself. Upon examination, his cardiologist determines that Brian is suffering from heart disease. Which receptors in the cells that line the blood vessels of his heart are responsible? What type of cholesterol is responsible? What other diseases may he be at risk for?

A) CD36 B) LDL cholesterol C) Stroke, cancer, diabetes, muscular dystrophy

After several years of exercising in the weight room, Valerie notices that she has not only become stronger, but quite muscular as well. Which organelle has increased its density in the cytoplasm of the cells of her muscles in response to a greater demand for ATP production?

Mitochondria

Which of the following cellular extensions are required when absorption is important?

a. Cilia
b. Microvilli
c. Flagella
d. None of the above

Microvilli

Movement of the ovum within the female reproductive tract is largely as a result of...

The cilia lining the uterine tubes

Skin cells are held tightly together by...

Desmosomes

Ribosomes are attached to...

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The phospholipid area of the plasma membrane of a cell is...

Bilayered

Nerve cells

Detect changes in the environment

Muscle cells

Contract for movement

Red Blood cells

Transport oxygen

Gland cells

Release hormones

Immune cells

Destroy bacteria

A typical, or ______________ cell exhibits the most important characteristics of cell types.

Composite

______________________ is the term meaning "water-loving."

Hydrophilia

__________ _______________________ is the process that allows a message to be carried across a membrane.

Signal transduction

____________________ detoxify harmful substances that enter cells.

Peroxisomes

The ____________ is one of the largest cell structure and occupies the central portion of the cell.

Nucleus

Embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane are a variety of ___________ ______________ _____________.

Integral membrane proteins

True or false: Peroxisomes are small membranous sacs containing enzymes that detoxify harmful substances that enter the cells.

True

True or false: Dynein, myosin, and kinesin are examples of proteasomes.

False

True or false: Microfilaments serve as "cellular muscles."

True

True or false: All cells contain thousands of ribosomes.

True

Which of the following is NOT a passive transport process?

a. Dialysis
b. Osmosis
c. Filtration
d. Pinocytosis

d. Pinocytosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as:

a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Dialysis

b. Osmosis

The trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of:

a. Pinocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. None of the above

c. Phagocytosis

A hypertonic solution is one that contains:

a. A greater concentration of solute than the cell
b. The same concentration of solute as the cell
c. A lesser concentration of solute as the cell
d. None of the above

a. A greater concentration of solute than the cell

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as:

a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Hydrostatic pressure
c. Hypostatic pressure
d. None of the above

b. Hydrostatic pressure

True or false: Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process.

False

True or false: The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process.

True

True or false: Cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis.

True

True or false: Solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent.

True

True or false: Osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.

False

A solution thar draws water from a cell is...

Hypertonic

two fluids have the same potential osmotic pressure, it is...

Isotonic

A solution that causes cells to swell

Hypotonic

passive transport

Diffusion

active transport

Endocytosis

Enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called...

a. Metabolic agents
b. Catalysts
c. Substrates
d. Initiators

Catalysts

Molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as:

a. Diploid
b. Hypertonic
c. Introns
d. Substrates

d. Substrates

In naming enzymes, the root name of the substance whose chemical reaction is catalyzed is followed by the suffix:

a. -ase
b. -cin
c. -ose
d. -ous

a. -ase

Most enzymes:

a. Are specific in their action
b. Can alter their function by changing the shape of the molecule
c. Are synthesized as inactive transport
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect?

a. End-product
b. Kinases
c. Substrate
d. Pepsin

b. Kinases

Enzymes are:

a. Fats
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Minerals

b. Proteins

True or false: The three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.

True

True or false: The portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically "fits" the substrate molecule(s) is referred to as the active site.

True

True or false: The "lock and key" model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align.

False

True or false: Protein anabolism is a major cellular activity.

True

True or false: The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.

True

True or false: Glycolysis is aerobic.

False

Which of the following statements is NOT true of glycolysis?

a. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
b. It is also known as the Krebs cycle
c. It is anaerobic
d. Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

b. It is known as the Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle takes place in the...

a. Ribosome
b. Cytoplasm
c. Mitochondria
d. Golgi apparatus

c. Mitochondria

The third step in cellular respiration is...

a. The electron transport system
b. Transcription
c. The Krebs cycle
d. Glycolysis

a. The electron transport system

Nurse Bricker was instructed to dissolve a pill in a small amount of liquid medication. As she dropped the capsule into the liquid, she was interrupted by the telephone. On her return to the medication cart, she found the medication completely dissolved and apparently scattered evenly throughout the liquid. This phenomenon did not surprise her because she was aware from her knowledge of cell transport that ______________ had created this distribution.

Diffusion

Bobbi ran in the Boston marathon. During the race she lost a lot of fluids through perspiration and became dehydrated. Would you expect her cells to shrink, swell, or remain the same?

Shrink

The energy required for active transport processes is obtained by:

a. ATP
b. DNA
c. Diffusion
d. Osmosis

a. ATP

Movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is:

a. Active transport
b. Passive transport
c. Cellular energy
d. Concentration gradient

b. Passive transport

Osmosis is the ______________ of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

a. Filtration
b. Equilibrium
c. Active transport
d. Diffusion

d. Diffusion

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called:

a. An allosteric effector
b. A kinase
c. An anabolic agent
d. A proenzyme

a. An allosteric effector

Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with:

a. Oxygen
b. Filtration
c. Pyruvic acid
d. Sodium

c. Pyruvic acid

Which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient?

a. Osmosis
b. Filtration
c. Dialysis
d. Facilitated diffusion

b. Filtration

The "uphill" movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is:

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Passive transport

c. Active transport

Membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement?

a. Gravity
b. Hydrostatic pressure
c. Active transport
d. Passive transport

c. Active transport

An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the...

a. White blood cells
b. Red blood cells
c. Muscle cell
d/ Bone cell

a. White blood cells

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be:

a. Hypotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Isotonic
d. Homeostatic

b. Hypertonic

A red blood cell becomes engorged with water and will eventually lyse, releasing hemoglobin into the solution. The solution is _____________ to the red blood cell.

a. Hypotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Isotonic
d. Homeostatic

a. Hypotonic

Membrane channels are...

Protein "tunnels"

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis

Pepsin

Enzyme

Carboxylases

Enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide

Pinocytosis

"cell drinking"

Aquaporins

Type of membrane channel

Carrier-mediated passive transport

Facilitated diffusion

First stage of cellular respiration

Glycolysis