Chapter 3 Key Issue 1

migration

permanent move to a new location

emigration

migration from a location

immigration

migration to a location

net migration

the difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants

What are the three objectives that people search for when migrating?

economic opportunity, cultural freedom, and environmental comfort

What are the three groups of Ravenstein's "laws" of migration?

distance migrants typically move, reasons migrants move, and characterisitcs of migrants

What is the migration transition?

a change in the migration pattern in a society that results from the social and economic changes that also produce the DTM

Migration Transition Stage 1

high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food

Migration Transition Stage 2

high international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas

Migration Transition Stage 3-4

high international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs

What are the laws for distance that migrants travel?

most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country
long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic acitvity

What are the two types of migration?

international and internal

international migration

a permanent move from one country to another

What are the two types of international migration?

voluntary and forced

voluntary migration

the migrant has chosen to move, especially for economic improvement

forced migration

the migrant has been compelled to move, especially by political or environmental factors (ex. slaves being transported into the US)

internal migration

a permanent move within the same country

What are the two types of internal migration?

interregional and intraregional

interregional migration

movement from one region of a country to another (ex. from rural to urban)

intraregional migration

movement within one region (ex. in urban cities, from older cities to newer suburbs)

What percentage of people are international migrants? (people living in countries they weren't born in)

9%

What are the largest flows of migrants?

from Asia to Europe, from Asia to North America, from Latin America to North America

What countries have a net out-migration?

developing

What countries have a net in-migration?

developed

What country has the most foreign-born residents?

the US (over 43 million, growing by 1 million annually)

What are the three main eras of immigration in the US?

colonial settlement in the 1600s and 1700s
European immigration in the late 1800s and early 1900s
Asian and Latin American immigration in the late 1900s and early 2000s

From where did most of immigration come from in the 1600s and 1700s in the US?

Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa

How many Europeans migranted to the American colonies?

2 million

90% of European immigrants to the US came from where?

Great Britain

Why did African Americans migrate to the US?

because of forced migration as slaves

How many slaves entered the US legally?

400,000

How many slaves entered the US illegally?

250,000

What type of migrants were most Europeans to the US?

voluntary

Between 1820 and 1920, how many people immigrated to the US? And how many were from Europe?

32 million; 90%

What did the US offer to Europeans?

opportunity for economic success

In what points did migration from Europe to the US peak?

1840s and 1850s: Ireland and Germany
1870s: Ireland and Germany
1880s: Scadinavia
1905-1914: Southern and Eastern Europe

1840s and 1850s

annual immigration went from 20,000 to over 200,000
3/4s of immigrants came from Ireland and Germany
economic push factors and political unrest compelled them to go to the US

1870s

emigration from Ireland and Germany continued after the US Civil War ended

1880s

immigration went up to 500,000
Scandinavians (especially Swedes and Norwegians) had moved because of the population increase from the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution

1905-1914

immigration reaches 1 million
2/3s of immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe, because of the population boom from the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution

What European country has sent the largest number of immigrants to the US?

Germany

When did immigration drop sharply and why?

during the 1930s and 1940s; because of the Great Depression and World War II

When did immigration reach a historic high?

in the first decade of the 2000s

More 3/4s of recent US immigrants came from where?

Asia and Latin America

What country surpassed Germany in immigrants to the US?

Mexico

What act issued visas to several hundred thousand unauthorized immigrants?

the Immigrantion Reform and Control Act

During what stage of their home country did people immigrant to the US?

stage 2