Studied by 30 peoplemigration
permanent move to a new location
emigration
migration from a location
immigration
migration to a location
net migration
the difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants
What are the three objectives that people search for when migrating?
economic opportunity, cultural freedom, and environmental comfort
What are the three groups of Ravenstein's "laws" of migration?
distance migrants typically move, reasons migrants move, and characterisitcs of migrants
What is the migration transition?
a change in the migration pattern in a society that results from the social and economic changes that also produce the DTM
Migration Transition Stage 1
high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food
Migration Transition Stage 2
high international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas
Migration Transition Stage 3-4
high international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs
What are the laws for distance that migrants travel?
most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic acitvity
What are the two types of migration?
international and internal
international migration
a permanent move from one country to another
What are the two types of international migration?
voluntary and forced
voluntary migration
the migrant has chosen to move, especially for economic improvement
forced migration
the migrant has been compelled to move, especially by political or environmental factors (ex. slaves being transported into the US)
internal migration
a permanent move within the same country
What are the two types of internal migration?
interregional and intraregional
interregional migration
movement from one region of a country to another (ex. from rural to urban)
intraregional migration
movement within one region (ex. in urban cities, from older cities to newer suburbs)
What percentage of people are international migrants? (people living in countries they weren't born in)
9%
What are the largest flows of migrants?
from Asia to Europe, from Asia to North America, from Latin America to North America
What countries have a net out-migration?
developing
What countries have a net in-migration?
developed
What country has the most foreign-born residents?
the US (over 43 million, growing by 1 million annually)
What are the three main eras of immigration in the US?
colonial settlement in the 1600s and 1700s European immigration in the late 1800s and early 1900s Asian and Latin American immigration in the late 1900s and early 2000s
From where did most of immigration come from in the 1600s and 1700s in the US?
Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa
How many Europeans migranted to the American colonies?
2 million
90% of European immigrants to the US came from where?
Great Britain
Why did African Americans migrate to the US?
because of forced migration as slaves
How many slaves entered the US legally?
400,000
How many slaves entered the US illegally?
250,000
What type of migrants were most Europeans to the US?
voluntary
Between 1820 and 1920, how many people immigrated to the US? And how many were from Europe?
32 million; 90%
What did the US offer to Europeans?
opportunity for economic success
In what points did migration from Europe to the US peak?
1840s and 1850s: Ireland and Germany 1870s: Ireland and Germany 1880s: Scadinavia 1905-1914: Southern and Eastern Europe
1840s and 1850s
annual immigration went from 20,000 to over 200,000 3/4s of immigrants came from Ireland and Germany economic push factors and political unrest compelled them to go to the US
1870s
emigration from Ireland and Germany continued after the US Civil War ended
1880s
immigration went up to 500,000 Scandinavians (especially Swedes and Norwegians) had moved because of the population increase from the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
1905-1914
immigration reaches 1 million 2/3s of immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe, because of the population boom from the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
What European country has sent the largest number of immigrants to the US?
Germany
When did immigration drop sharply and why?
during the 1930s and 1940s; because of the Great Depression and World War II
When did immigration reach a historic high?
in the first decade of the 2000s
More 3/4s of recent US immigrants came from where?
Asia and Latin America
What country surpassed Germany in immigrants to the US?
Mexico
What act issued visas to several hundred thousand unauthorized immigrants?
the Immigrantion Reform and Control Act
During what stage of their home country did people immigrant to the US?
stage 2
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