AGRS

Creation Versions

Different accounts of creation found in ancient texts, including Genesis.

Flood Covenant

The agreement between God and Noah after the flood, symbolized by a rainbow.

Rainbow Covenant

Another term for the Flood Covenant, signifying God’s promise not to destroy the earth by water again.

Cain/Abel

The first two sons of Adam and Eve; Cain killed Abel out of jealousy.

Enoch

A biblical figure said to have walked with God and was taken to heaven without dying.

Giants/Nephilim

Mysterious beings interpreted as the offspring of divine beings and humans.

Esau

The elder twin of Jacob, who sold his birthright for a meal.

Jacob

The younger twin of Esau, later renamed Israel, father of the twelve tribes.

Joseph’s Wife

Asenath, an Egyptian woman given to Joseph by Pharaoh.

Potiphar’s Wife

An Egyptian woman who falsely accused Joseph of assaulting her.

Tamar & Judah

Tamar was Judah’s daughter-in-law who tricked him into fathering her children.

Rachel/Leah

The two wives of Jacob; Leah was given to Jacob first, though he loved Rachel more.

David (Early, Goliath)

Young David killed Goliath, a giant Philistine warrior, with a slingshot.

David’s Sin (revised)

His affair with Bathsheba and the arranged death of her husband, Uriah.

Sheba

The Queen of Sheba who visited King Solomon to test his wisdom.

Shalmanesar

An Assyrian king who led the conquest of Israel.

Widow’s Mites

A parable where a poor widow donates two small coins, symbolizing true generosity.

Widow at Zarephath

A woman who provided for Elijah during a famine; her son was later revived.

Abraham/Sarah

The patriarch and matriarch of the Israelites; Sarah bore Isaac in her old age.

Isaac/Ishmael

Isaac was the son of promise, while Ishmael became the ancestor of Arab peoples.

Rachel’s Death

She died giving birth to Benjamin.

Exodus

The departure of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.

Anom

Likely referring to a location or event in Exodus (unclear).

Plagues of Egypt

The ten disasters sent by God upon Egypt to free the Israelites.

Burning Bush

The miraculous vision where God spoke to Moses and called him to lead Israel.

Ten Commandments

The laws given to Moses on Mount Sinai.

Golden Calf

The idol made by the Israelites while Moses was on Mount Sinai.

Jesus Christ

The central figure of Christianity, believed to be the Messiah.

Matthew

One of the twelve apostles, traditionally credited author of the Gospel of Matthew.

Andrew

Another apostle, brother of Peter.

Mary

The mother of Jesus.

Mary Magdalene

A close follower of Jesus, sometimes mistakenly identified as a prostitute.

New Testament

The second part of the Christian Bible documenting the life of Jesus and early Christianity.

Monotheism

Belief in one God, a defining trait of Judaism and later Christianity.

Marduk

A major god in Babylonian mythology, known for defeating Tiamat.

Tiamat

A chaos dragon in Babylonian mythology, defeated by Marduk.

Chaos

The state of disorder in creation myths, often represented by primordial waters.

Cedar Forest

A mythical location in the Epic of Gilgamesh, home to Humbaba.

Tablet for Immortality

A tablet sought by Gilgamesh in his quest for eternal life.

The 50 Names/Power of Marduk

Titles given to Marduk after his victory over Tiamat.

Unapishim

Likely referring to Utnapishtim, the Mesopotamian Noah who survived the great flood.

Ishtar

The Mesopotamian goddess of love and war.

Flood of Destinies

Possibly referring to the role of floods in divine fate in Mesopotamian myths.

Babylon

A major city in ancient Mesopotamia.

Temple of Marduk

The main temple in Babylon dedicated to Marduk.

Bagdad

Likely referring to Baghdad, a major historical city in Mesopotamia.

New Year’s Eve

Important in Babylonian festivals, including the Akitu festival.

Akitu

The Babylonian New Year festival celebrating Marduk.

Ur

An ancient Sumerian city, traditionally the home of Abraham.

Cuneiform

One of the earliest writing systems, used in Mesopotamia.

Ashurbanipal’s Library at Nineveh

A major collection of ancient texts, including the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Masoretic Text

The authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible.

Documentary Hypothesis

A theory that the Pentateuch was written by multiple authors.

J, E, P, D

The four sources in the Documentary Hypothesis (Yahwist, Elohist, Priestly, Deuteronomist).

Moses (author?)

The traditional but debated author of the Torah.

Talmud

A key Jewish text interpreting the Hebrew Bible.

Septuagint

The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

Vulgate

The Latin translation of the Bible by St. Jerome.

Hobby Lobby Scandal

A case where Hobby Lobby illegally smuggled ancient artifacts, including biblical texts.