Absolute Pathophysiology

Study for the CCMA test. Unfinished btw.

What causes candidiasis?

Overgrowth of the fungal microorganism Candida albicans.

What causes an ectopic pregnancy?

Zygote implantation in an area other hand the uterine wall. Most commonly in the uterine tubes.

What causes endometriosis?

Occurs when pieces of endometrial tissue grow outside of the uterine lining. Typically on the ovaries, intestines, or pelvic wall.

What causes genital herpes?

Caused by the herpes simplex virus. Spread via sexual contact.

What causes an inguinal hernia?

A portion of the intestines protrudes through a weak point of the abdominal wall.

What causes testicular torsion?

Some causes are unknown. Some patients are born with no tissue holding the testes to the scrotum.

What causes a benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Causes are unknown but are beloved to be linked to hormonal changes.

What are the signs and symptoms of candidiasis?

Vaginal itching, burning while urination, white vaginal discharge. Often called ‘yeast infection’.

What are the signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?

Abdominal or pelvic pain with light bleeding. Severe pain and bleeding are symptoms of an emergent condition.

What are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis?

Pelvic pain with menstruation. Pain with intercourse. Pain with bowel movements and urination. Infertility.

What are the signs and symptoms of genital herpes?

Pain, itching and sores in the genital area. Flu-like symptoms upon initial infection.

What are the signs and symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

Bulging in groin area accompanied by an aching sensation, pain with lifting, coughing or movement, weakness, or pressure in the groin.

What are the signs and symptoms of testicular torsion?

When tissues surrounding the testicle are not well attached, causing the testes to twist around the spermatic cord cutting off blood flow to the testicles causing severe pain.

What are the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Enlargement of the prostate. Common later in life. Can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, urinary tract infections (UTI), or kidney problems.

How do you diagnose candidiasis?

Testing of vaginal discharge.

How do you diagnose an ectopic pregnancy?

Physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound.

How do you diagnose endometriosis?

Physical examination, blood tests, and ultrasound.

How do you diagnose genital herpes?

Visual examination of sores, testing of sample from the sores.

How do you diagnose an inguinal hernia?

Physical examination. (pops out in certain positions)

How do you diagnose testicular torsion?

Found conducting a physical examination. (or when they complain about their balls.)

How do you diagnose benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Digital rectal examination, urine test, or prostate specific antigen test.

How do you treat candidiasis?

Over-the-counter or prescription medications.

How do you treat an ectopic pregnancy?

Termination of the pregnancy. It’s not viable and can rupture the uterine tube if it’s developed enough which requires surgery.

How do you treat endometriosis?

Pain medication, hormone therapy or laparoscopic surgery.

How do you treat genital herpes?

Incurable. Medications, typically antivirals can prevent or shorten outbreaks.

How do you treat an inguinal hernia?

If no symptoms, treatment isn’t needed. Surgery to repair the hernia if symptoms are present.

How do you treat testicular torsion?

The spermatic cord needs to be untwisted to restore blood supply. Patients need to see a urologist and surgery is necessary to correct.

How do you treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Transurethral resection of the prostate.

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Chronic condition. A genetic autoimmune condition that often develops in childhood. Commonly known as juvenile diabetes.

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Chronic condition caused by insulin resistance. Due to a mix of genetics, obesity and lifestyle choices. Typically begins in adulthood but is being seen more often in adolescents.

What causes Cushing syndrome?

Most often caused by overuse of corticosteroid medications. Can also be caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.

What causes hypothyroidism?

Underproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

What causes hyperthyroidism?

Overproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

What causes grave’s disease?

Caused by malfunction in the body’s immune system that disrupts formal thyroid regulation resulting in hyperthyroidism.

What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, poorly healing wounds, numbness in hands and feet.

What are the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

Excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, poorly healing wounds, numbness in hand and feet.

What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome?

Excessive fat deposits in the subscapular area and face.

What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Increasing tiredness, dry skin, constipation and weight gain. An enlarged thyroid gland.

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Sudden weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, anxiety, tremor, sweating, frequent bowel movements, enlarged thyroid gland.

What are the signs and symptoms of grave’s disease?

Significant enlargement of the thyroid gland, increased heartbeat, muscle weakness, disturbed sleep, tremor, weight loss, anxiety, irritability and bulging of the eyes.

How do you diagnose type 1 diabetes?

How do you diagnose type 2 diabetes?

How do you diagnose Cushing syndrome?

How do you diagnose hypothyroidism?

How do you diagnose hyperthyroidism?

How do you diagnose grave’s disease?

How do you treat type 1 diabetes?

How do you treat type 2 diabetes?

How do you treat Cushing syndrome?

How do you treat hypothyroidism?

How do you treat hyperthyroidism?

How do you treat grave’s disease?