Untitled Flashcards Set

Representation

Knowledge you already possess, akin to knowing what decorations you have for a party.

Process

Operations on an external stimulus or internal representation that are dynamic and constantly changing.

Aristotle’s Doctrine of Association

A theory suggesting our mental life is about connecting ideas through contiguity, similarity, and contrast.

Contiguity

Connection of ideas that happen close together in time.

Similarity

Linking of ideas that are alike.

Contrast

Connecting ideas that are opposites.

First Psychology Lab

Founded by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879, it was the initial place for studying the mind.

Structuralism

Wundt's approach focused on the structure of the mind.

Fall of Behaviorism

Realization that thoughts are crucial for explaining behavior, leading to increased interest in cognitive psychology.

Information/Communication Theory

Concept that the brain processes information similarly to a computer.

Linguistics and Psycholinguistics

Chomsky's argument that behavior alone doesn't explain language learning.

Sensory Memory

The brief retention of sensory information.

Masking

The interference in memory caused by another stimulus appearing immediately after the original stimulus.

Template Matching

A theory that recognizes patterns by matching them to stored templates.

Feature Recognition

A theory breaking down patterns into smaller features to aid in recognition.

Bottom-Up Processing

Processing that starts with sensory input and builds up to perception.

Top-Down Processing

Processing that begins with knowledge and expectations influencing perception.

Alerting

Noticing something due to an external stimulus.

Vigilance

Focusing on one thing for an extended period.

Selective Attention

Focusing on one specific thing while ignoring others.

Divided Attention

Trying to focus on multiple things at the same time.

Broadbent’s Filter Theory

Theory suggesting the brain selectively processes important information while filtering out the rest.

Dichotic Listening

Hearing different information in each ear to study attention.

Change/Inattentional Blindness

Failing to notice changes due to lack of attention.

Saccadic Blindness

Blurriness during rapid eye movements.

Stroop Effect

Difficulty when the color of a word differs from the word itself.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct answer.

Heuristic

A mental shortcut that provides quick solutions but may not always be correct.

Exogenous Attention Shift

Automatic attention shift due to unexpected stimuli.

Endogenous Attention Shift

Voluntary attention shift directed by goals or intentions.

Object-Based Attention

Attention that is directed at specific objects rather than locations.

Visual Search

The process of looking for a specific item among other items.

Echolocation

Using sound to perceive the environment, as utilized by Ben in the video.

Recognition by Components Theory

Objects are recognized by breaking them down into 3D shapes called geons.

Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization

Rules explaining how we group visual elements.

Inverse Projection Problem

Determining which object caused a specific image on the retina.

Neural Correlates of Perception

Ventral stream for perception and dorsal stream for action.

Visual Illusions

Perceptual tricks that deceive the visual system.

Affordances

Potential interactions offered by objects.

Prospective Memory

The ability to remember to perform actions in the future.

Primacy Effect

The tendency to remember the first items on a list.

Recency Effect

The tendency to remember the last items on a list.