Chapter 2a

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and studies from Chapter 2 on the Importance of the Physical Activity Experience.

Direct Experience

Performing or observing physical activity.

Subjective Experience

An individual's unique reaction to events, feelings, or other stimuli during or after physical activity.

Spheres of Physical Activity Experience

Compartments of our life experiences in which physical activity plays an important role; these spheres are not mutually exclusive or exhaustive.

Self-Sufficiency

The physical activities performed that allow an individual to provide for their own needs without the help of others.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Personal care behaviors such as bathing, dressing, transferring, using the bathroom, eating, and walking.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

Less personal and slightly more complex or demanding activities needed to function independently, such as light housework, preparing meals, taking medications, shopping for groceries, and using the telephone.

Gestures

Intentional movements that communicate information to others without using words.

Emblems

Gestures that convey information that can be directly translated, such as an umpire's "strike" call or a referee's "offsides" call.

Illustrators

Gestures that complement words and indicate emotion or tone.

Regulators

Gestures that guide the flow of conversation, such as greeting with a high-five versus a handshake, or putting a hand on a door handle when ready to leave.

London Bus Study (1953)

The first study in the field of physical activity epidemiology, which compared the incidence of coronary heart disease and mortality among sedentary double-decker bus drivers and active conductors.

Dr. Jeremy Morris

The lead researcher of the 1953 London Bus Study, which revealed that sedentary drivers had 2x higher rates of sudden death from coronary heart disease and overall mortality compared to active conductors.

Free Time

Time during which individuals disengage from everyday lives and use to do what they want to do.

Leisure

A state of being; any activity that allows individuals to have a feeling of supreme contentment.

Side-by-Side Competition

A form of competition with no direct interaction between opponents, such as swimming, running, or shot-put.

Face-to-Face: Non-Contact Competition

A form of competition in which competitors interact by trying to maximize their own chances and decrease their opponent's chances of winning without physical contact, such as volleyball, baseball, tennis, or racquetball.

Face-to-Face: Contact Competition

A form of competition in which players thwart the efforts of opponents through direct physical manipulation, such as wrestling, football, rugby, or hockey.

Impersonal Competition

A form of competition in which participants compete against records set by themselves or others, such as trying a new hiking route or attempting to beat a personal best time.

Self-Efficacy

An individual's personal belief about how capable they are of reaching their goals; one of the strongest factors related to physical activity.

Motor Skills

Physical activities in which performers try to attain goals by executing efficient, coordinated motor responses.

Practice

Physical activity experience that involves cognitive processing and leads to skill improvement.

Learning

A permanent alteration in the functioning of the nervous system that enables performers to achieve predetermined goals consistently.

Training

Physical activity carried out for the purpose of conditioning one for performance in an event.

Conditioning

A temporary end state of training reflected in a performer possessing adequate strength, endurance, and flexibility to carry out desired tasks.

Physical Performance Capacity

Aspects of physical fitness developed through training.

Critical Component

The aspect of an activity or skill deemed most important for successfully performing that activity or skill.

Locomotor Skills

Fundamental motor skills involving body movement from one location to another, such as walking, running, jumping, and sliding.

Nonlocomotor Skills

Fundamental motor skills performed in place without spatial movement, such as bending, stretching, pushing, and twisting.

Manipulative Skills

Fundamental motor skills involving object control or manipulation, such as throwing, catching, striking, and kicking.

Extrinsic Motivation

Valuing physical activity because of the external benefits that result from participating, such as winning a prize, losing weight, or receiving a scholarship.

Intrinsic Motivation

Valuing physical activity because of the subjective experiences embedded within the activity itself, such as a feeling of accomplishment, enjoyment of the social aspect, or stress relief.