Chapter 16: Blood Composition and Erythrocyte Function

T/F: A lack of the dietary elements for erythropoiesis can result in a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin per cell.

True

Athletes increase hemoglobin content in their blood by __________.

injecting erythropoietin, training at high altitude and injecting red blood cells

How does the biconcave shape of erythrocytes promote their function?

The biconcave shape increases the flexibility of the cell, which permits cells to travel through capillaries that have a smaller diameter than the erythrocytes and a large surface area-to-cytoplasm ratio is a benefit of the shape because it promotes exchange of gases.

The leukocytes that participate in allergic reactions are __________.

eosinophils and basophils

A patient's blood sample is centrifuged to separate the plasma, erythrocyte, and leukocyte fractions.

Height of total blood column = 40 mm.

Height of erythrocyte column = 20 mm.

The blood sample most likely came from __________.

a normal male

Phagocytic leukocytes include __________.

eosinophils and neutrophils

Cell types found in blood include __________.

eosinophils

Which of the following would not be found in the plasma fraction of blood?

Hemoglobin

A differential blood count __________.

indicates the relative percentages of each type of white blood cell

A woman with anemia would have a hematocrit less than __________.

37%

The plasma protein that makes the largest contribution to plasma osmotic pressure is __________.

albumin

Blood tests on a patient show a lower than normal hematocrit. Further blood tests reveal the presence of the parasite that causes malaria. Further tests are necessary, but this patient may have __________.

hemolytic anemia

Molecules or ions found within erythrocytes include __________.

H+, HCO3-, Fe2+ and hemoglobin

T/F: Plasma is identical in composition to interstitial fluid.

False

An increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood may indicate __________.

infection

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by packed red blood cells is called __________.

hematocrit

Erythrocyte production requires __________.

folic acid, vitamin B12, and iron

Prolonged hypoxia results in increased red blood cell production, via up regulation of the hormone __________.

erythropoietin

Polycythemia is characterized by __________.

overproduction of blood cells resulting in increased blood viscosity

If the carbon dioxide concentration of blood increases, the __________.

hydrogen ion concentration increases and pH decreases

The type of leukocyte that kills invading organisms only by phagocytosis, and does not secrete enzymes, antibodies, or any other chemical defense, is the __________.

neutrophil

Which organ(s) remove(s) old erythrocytes from circulation?

Liver and spleen

The functions of globulins include __________.

blood clot formation, transport and immunity

Put the following molecules or cells in the order that would represent the sequence in which these cells/molecules appear in the life cycle of erythrocytes, starting with the synthesis of erythrocytes:

(a) erythropoietin

(b) reticulocytes

(c) bile

(d) bilirubin

a, b, d, c

Erythrocytes function primarily to __________.

transport respiratory gases between the lungs and the tissues