21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Vocabulary flashcards covering literary genres, contexts, approaches, representative authors, world works, and literary elements from 21st Century Literature.

21st-Century Literature

Literature produced in the contemporary period, often influenced by digital communication, social media, globalization, multimedia, and changing cultures and identities.

Hyperpoetry

Digital poetry characterized by nonlinear navigation, technology, hyperlinks, multimedia elements, and reader interaction with the text.

Graphic Novel

A story combining sequential art and text using captions, illustrations, and dialogue, generally read left-to-right in Western traditions.

Manga

A Japanese form of graphic storytelling combining illustrations and text, traditionally read right-to-left.

Flash Fiction

An extremely short fictional narrative prose, usually under about 1,000 words, that communicates a complete narrative with a limited number of characters and events.

Text-Talk Novel

A story presented through text messages, chats, instant messaging, or modern digital conversations.

Twitterature

Fiction presented through short social-media literary posts on digital platforms.

Doodle Fiction

A literary genre combining narrative text with hand-drawn graphics or doodles that become part of the storytelling.

Chick Lit

Contemporary fiction often focusing on womanhood, career, friendship, relationships, independence, and everyday challenges.

Spoken Word Poetry

Poetry intended for oral performance that utilizes voice, rhythm, emphasis, body language, and live presentation.

Speculative Fiction

A genre exploring possible worlds or situations, projecting current issues into future settings, alternative worlds, or imagined societies to critique present-day issues.

Science Fiction

A genre focused on scientific theories, future possibilities, technology, and science-based extraordinary elements.

Fantasy

A genre focused on magic, supernatural elements, mythology, and imaginary worlds.

Flash Drama

A very short dramatic work or script designed for performance, utilizing characters, dialogue, conflict, and stage action.

Literary Context

The circumstances surrounding a literary work, including historical period, culture, society, and geography, that help readers understand it.

Biographical Context

A literary context focusing on the author's life, experiences, beliefs, family background, personal history, and influences.

Socio-Historical Context

A literary context examining society, history, politics, major historical events, political conditions, and social changes.

Cultural Context

A literary context focusing on traditions, beliefs, customs, language, values, regional dialects, and local idioms of a community.

Formalist Approach

A literary approach analyzing what is inside the text itself, including plot, character, setting, symbolism, imagery, motifs, structure, language, and repetition.

Sociological Approach

A literary approach focusing on society, social structures, culture, social class, traditions, relationships, and social problems.

Socio-Historical Approach

A literary approach connecting a literary work directly to historical events, political conditions, social changes, and cultural circumstances.

Chinua Achebe

An African literature author who wrote the novel Things Fall Apart.

Things Fall Apart

An African literary work set in Igbo society, Nigeria, depicting the conflict between traditional Igbo culture and changes brought by Christianity and European colonialism.

Okonkwo

The strong, proud, and ambitious main character in Things Fall Apart who values masculinity, fears appearing weak, and defines himself in opposition to his father.

Unoka

Okonkwo's father in Things Fall Apart, who is perceived as weak, unsuccessful, and gentle.

Gabriel García Márquez

A Latin American author from Colombia who wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude.

Magical Realism

A literary style combining ordinary everyday life with extraordinary or magical events presented as if they are normal.

Macondo

A fictional town in One Hundred Years of Solitude where generations of the Buendía family live, representing Latin American history and experiences.

Buendía Family

The major family in One Hundred Years of Solitude whose repeated names across generations emphasize cyclical history and repeated generational behaviors.

Yasunari Kawabata

A Japanese author who, in 1968, became the first Japanese author to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Gothic Literature

A literary movement characterized by darkness, mystery, death, fear, psychological tension, and supernatural or unsettling elements.

The Raven

A Gothic literary work by Edgar Allan Poe known for its dark atmosphere, mystery, grief, psychological tension, and unsettling mood.

Edgar Allan Poe

The author of the Gothic literary poem The Raven.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens

The real name of the American literature author Mark Twain.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

An American literature work by Mark Twain that uses realistic regional settings, American speech, and local culture.

Literary Elements

The basic components that shape a literary work, including character, setting, plot, conflict, theme, point of view, symbolism, and imagery.