Computer Systems Fundamentals

These flashcards cover key definitions and concepts related to computer systems fundamentals, encompassing hardware, software, and system operations.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The part of the computer that executes instructions and processes data.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Volatile memory used to hold temporary instructions and data for ongoing processes.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Non-volatile memory that contains essential data that cannot be modified.

Operating System (OS)

Software that supports a computer's basic functions and manages hardware and software resources.

Input/Output (I/O)

The process of transferring data to and from peripheral devices.

Multi-tasking

The ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously on a computer.

File Management System

A software layer responsible for organizing and managing the storage of data on permanent media.

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

A feature that allows peripherals to access main system memory independently of the CPU.

Bus

A communication system that transfers data between components of a computer.

Hexadecimal

A base 16 number system that uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F to represent values.

Binary

A base 2 number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1, widely used in computing.

Software

Programs and applications that instruct the computer on how to perform tasks.

Malware

Malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system.

Firewall

A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Logic Gates

Electronic components that perform a basic logical function on one or more binary inputs.

Two's Complement

A method for representing signed numbers in binary, allowing for easy subtraction.