E2: prostaglandins + cholesterol

prostaglandins

• derived from essential fatty acids which > arachadonic acid

• hormone like properties

  • works on tissue its made in so not a hormone

• increases cyclic AMP

  • affects platelet aggregation, muscle contraction, induce fever = inflammatory rxns

ASPRIN INHIBITS PROSTAGLANDINS

ASPRIN

INHIBITS PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS !!!!

taking too many > bleeding bc no blood clotting

cant add o2 to arachidonic acid bc cyclooxygenase is inhibited

leukotrienes

made from essential fatty acids

add AA + o2 to arachadonic acid

NO RING CLOSURES

prostaglandin synthesis

cholesterol

all carbons from acetyl COA

4 ring structure

mainly produced by liver but all cells can make it

reductase involved in cholesterol synthesis

converts 3 hydroxy 3 methyl glutaryl coa to mevalonic acid COMMITTED STEP

regulated by amt of dietary cholesterol and statin drugs

not allosteric

vitamin D activation

increases Ca2+ in blood + uptake from liver

regulated bone formation

intermediate reacts with UV > inactive vitamin D with open B ring > cytochrome p450 hydroxylates the ring > active vitamin D

SEE 21 + 22 for cholesterol synthesis (complex AF)

cholesterol uses

1. excretion

2. bile salts

3. to cell membrane

4. progestogens (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids + sex hormones)

excretion

adds h+ to reduce double bond in b ring > single bond > intestines for excretion

bile salts

made in liver

stored in gall bladder

secreted in intestines

emulsify dietary lipids act as detergent by adding OH to cholesterol > soluble lipids > intestine excretion

detergent

hydrophilic and hydrophobic region

steroid hormones/ progestrogens

derived from cholesterol + made in adrenal gland

produces progesterone

glucocortocoids + functions

adds oh to progesterone using cytochrome p450

made in adrenal gland

CHARACTERIZED BY OH GROUPS ON C RING AND D RING!

inc glucose-6-phosphatase activity > inc blood glucose

inc gluconeogenesis (pyr/lac > glucose) by inc enzyme conc

controls life span of fibroblasts (make collagen) + lymphocytes (immune)

role in AA + nucleotide metabolism

mineralocorticoid

stimulate ion absorption from blood and intestines

too many > too many ions > water in blood > high BP

BP medicine targets mineralocorticoids

characterized by aldehyde between C and D ring

sex hormones

made in ovaries and testes

21 hydroxylase

adds oh to side chain of progesterone > gluco + mineralocorticoids

deficiency: early puberty, issues w bone deficiency + mineral absorption

tx: injections