OT Models & Laws ⚖️

Leadership styles

Advisory; you provide knowledge/resources if the group is self-sufficient
Direct; dictating what will happen if group is unable to do so well

KAWA model

-includes harmony of the person and their environment, culturally safe
-includes the use of the river metaphor

MOHO

dimensions of doing: (occupational participation, occupational performance, occupational skills)

volition
habituation
performance capacity

-physical and social components
-environment impacts individuals with opportunities, demands, resources, constraints

Occupational adaptation

-mastery of task and demands of the environment (physical, social, cultural, expectations)

-focused on the process person goes thorough to adapt to environment
-person consists of cognitive, psych social components
-occ environment is physical, social, cultural systems
-outcome of interaction of those two is the occ response

Self-determination theory

-person has a need for autonomy, and competence

Peer-mediated intervention model

children are partnered with peers who can affect positive behavioral changes.

Social-cognitive intervention model

facilitates learning of behaviors by observing the behavior of others

Behavioral intervention model

reinforcements and rewards are used to facilitate behavioral changes

IEP

-Part of IDEA part B
-long term goals for OTs are for the entire school year
-least restrictive environment

Early intervention

-OT is a primary service
-A part of IDEA part C
-for children 0-3y with established developmental delays as diagnosed by doctor

ADA

-essential job functions: the things you have to do in a job regardless of disability or non-disability
-undue hardship: accommodations considered too costly for a business

Individual Placement and Support

-involves securing a job placement site, and teaching specific job skills for the workplace

Dialectical behavior therapy

-cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at teaching problem
-solving skills, interpersonal skills, and skill at managing negative emotions

-group skills training, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotional modulation training are useful

Task-oriented approach

-varied strategies used to find optimal solution for motor problem
-functional tasks help organize motor behavior

-int focus on: simulation of func tasks, practice outside therapy, minimize inefficient movement patterns, modify task, use assistive tech

NDT

-normalizing posture/limb tone is prereq for normal movement
-avoidance of things that inc/dec tone, inhibit primitive reflexes

-develop normal movement patterns, righting, equilibrium, protective reactions are good for controlled movement

Sensory integration

-aimed to work on neurological mechanisms associated with sensory integrative dysfunction

-different from just sensory processing issues, because its solely play based, advanced training, and individualized every tie

Sensory integration intervention

-control of sensory input from child driven play, to elicit and adaptive response
-just right challenge with task and environment
-ensure registration of meaningful sensory input
-firm pressure less threatening than soft touch
-linear movement less threat than angular
-slow movement less threat than rapid

Sensory processing approach

-aim to modify a regulatory state without lasting effects

-may include play, can be individualized, advanced training not needed

Sensory processing measure

-elementary school age

-measures sensory processing, praxis, social participation

-as well as visual, auditory, tactile, prop, vestib

Cognitive disabilities model

-based on cog development from piaget

-cognition is based on biological factors, and if it cannot change, adaptations the activity provides opportunity for success

-is max level reached, compensation must be made to person, or environment

Ecology of Human Performance

-emphasis on the role of the persons contexts (culture, physical, social) and its impact on performance
-ecology: interaction of person and environs
-performance seen between person, context, task
-skills can be inc/dec d/t illness
-contexts are dynamic
-roles are made up of tasks
-people are empowered by inc self-determination

5 strategies of Ecology of Human Performance (EHP)

establish/restore: teaching skills lost d/t illness

alter: change the context the person is trying to perform in (environ mods)

adapt/mod: changes to the task for better performance (AE, simplifying tasks)

prevent: minimize risks that may develop

create: designing new environs, contexts, tasks (workspace layout, new program)

Sensory models

-known as sensory processing, sensory modulation, sensory motor model
-the use of sensory modalities or activities to prepare someone for therapy/occupation
-such as snoezelen rooms, multisensory environs, weighted blankets, self-soothing toys, sensory diets
-includes brushing patterns for sensory defensiveness (avoidance pattern)

Dunn Model of Sensory Processing

Sensory seeking
Sensory avoiding
Sensory sensitivity
Poor registration

Cognitive behavioral therapy

-effective for depression, schizo, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, eating disorders
-works to alter negative thoughts about self, life by correcting misinterpretations
-changes in cognitive processes to facilitate behavior and emotional changes
-all moods are made by your thoughts, how you interpret things, negative thoughts cause emotional distress

Recovery model

-fostering ppls intrinsic motivation for hope
-focus on improving QOL
-recovery from illness as a journey of healing
-self-direction: ppl identify their own goals
-person-centered: recovery is unique to each person
-empowerment: people take control over lives and recovery
-peer support: reciprocal relations with others with lived experiences

Neurophysiologic FOR

-Includes NDT, PNF, brunnstrom approach, rood approach
-considers things like tone, posture, patterns of movement, reflexes

Behavioral FOR

relies on the idea that behavior is learned and that it can be unlearned.
-Relies on observation of actions, and includes reinforcements or punishments to alter behavior

Functional skills training

-mastery of a skill

Neurodevelopmental treatment

-therapeutic handling
-normal movement patterns, compensatory is bad
-weight bearing
-bilateral movements good

Associated reactions

-an involuntary and automatic movement of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement in another body part
-this is bad and should not be encouraged